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SED
SCREEN EDITOR
TUTORIAL
(VAX/VMS Operating System)
Written by (DEC-10/DEC-20 version)
A Christopher Hall
Adapted for VAX/VMS by
Stan Peters
First VAX Edition: October 18, 1982
Last Update: January 19, 1983
SED Tutorial Page ii
Contents 19 Jan 83
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 GETTING ACQUAINTED WITH SED
1.1 The Viewing Window Concept . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
1.2 The Cursor - Where It's At . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
1.3 How to Talk to the Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
CHAPTER 2 HOW TO START WRITING A FILE
2.1 Running the Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
2.2 Exiting the Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
2.3 Moving the Cursor Around . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
2.4 Putting Text in the File . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
2.5 Inserting and Deleting Characters . . . . . . . . 2-3
2.6 Moving the Screen Forward and Backward in the File 2-3
CHAPTER 3 EDITING AN EXISTING FILE, PART 1
3.1 Introduction to Commands and Parameters . . . . . 3-1
3.2 On-line Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
3.3 Getting Back into Last Time's File . . . . . . . . 3-2
3.4 Rolling the Screen a Long Distance . . . . . . . . 3-3
3.5 Moving to the Beginning and End of the File . . . 3-3
3.6 Inserting and Deleting Lines and Spaces . . . . . 3-3
3.7 Copying or Moving Lines of Text . . . . . . . . . 3-4
CHAPTER 4 EDITING AN EXISTING FILE, PART 2
4.1 Compiling After Exiting . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
4.2 Searches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
4.3 Word-wise Tab and Backtab . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
4.4 Inserting Text in the File Using <PUT> . . . . . . 4-2
4.5 Changing Files While Editing . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
4.6 Recovering Deleted Stuff . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
CHAPTER 5 EDITOR GOODIES
5.1 Defining Parameters by Moving the Cursor . . . . . 5-1
5.2 Moving a Given Percent of the Way Through the File 5-2
5.3 <SWITCH>: Setting Qualifiers or Querying Status . 5-2
5.4 <ERASE-LINE>: Erase from Cursor to End of Line . . 5-4
5.5 How to Edit Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
CHAPTER 6 MORE EDITOR GOODIES
6.1 Rectangular Insert/Delete Spaces . . . . . . . . . 6-1
6.2 Token Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
SED Tutorial Page iii
Contents 19 Jan 83
6.3 Picking or Deleting a Lot of Stuff . . . . . . . . 6-2
6.4 Scanning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
6.5 Changing the Case of Characters . . . . . . . . . 6-3
6.6 Setting or Clearing the Split-Screen Window . . . 6-3
6.7 Erasing Words from the File . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4
6.8 Substituting (Search and Replace) . . . . . . . . 6-4
CHAPTER 7 USEFUL COMMANDS FOR SPECIAL CASES
7.1 What to Do If the File is Wide . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
7.2 How to Put Control Characters in the File . . . . 7-1
7.3 Many Ways to Save the File . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2
7.4 Repairing a Fragged Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2
7.5 Repeating Commands or Inventing Your Own . . . . . 7-2
7.6 Setting Up Default Qualifiers in SED.INI . . . . . 7-3
7.7 Spawning a Subprocess from SED . . . . . . . . . . 7-3
APPENDIX A KEYBOARD LAYOUT
A.1 DEC VT100 Terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1
A.2 Visual 200 Terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3
CHAPTER 1
GETTING ACQUAINTED WITH SED
This paper describes the screen editor SED. It is a tutorial which
introduces a new editor user gradually to the features of the editor.
The first sections give only as much information as you need to get
started; later sections introduce you to the full power of SED.
This tutorial does not give a complete description of SED. In fact,
if you never go beyond it you will miss a lot of the interesting and
useful editor features. The reference manual, SYS$DOC:SED.DOC, is a
complete description of all the editor functions. When you have
mastered the contents of this tutorial you should consult the
reference manual.
1.1 The Viewing Window Concept
SED thinks of a text file as if it were a scroll of writing - lots and
lots of lines of text, one line after another. The CRT terminal
screen is like a magnifying glass held over the scroll: it shows a
certain number of lines and a certain number of characters per line,
but the file may extend beyond the limits of the glass on all sides.
Like the magnifying glass, the terminal screen can be moved forward,
backward, left, or right over the file.
The terminal screen is called the "viewing window" into the file.
Moving the window forward or backward in the file is called "rolling"
the window, and moving it left or right is called "sliding".
1.2 The Cursor - Where It's At
The cursor is the blot or blinking dash that is always present on the
terminal screen. It represents your position in the file you are
editing. If you type a character it appears where the cursor is and
the cursor moves one space to the right. You can move the cursor
anywhere you like on the screen.
GETTING ACQUAINTED WITH SED Page 1-2
How to Talk to the Editor 19 Jan 83
1.3 How to Talk to the Editor
You can do three types of things with SED: put text in the file, move
the cursor around, and issue editor commands. Editor commands do such
things as insert blank lines or spaces into the text, move the viewing
window around, and search for things. Descriptions of the various
commands make up the bulk of this tutorial.
You issue a command by typing a control character, a special key, or
an escape sequence. You type a control character by holding down the
button labeled "CTRL" and pressing a letter key (for example, to get a
^T press "CTRL" and "T").
Special keys are keys which are off to the side or top of the normal
keyboard. Not all terminals have them, and how many and where they
are vary from terminal to terminal. (See Appendix A.) The VT100
terminal, for example, has eight special keys. Four of them, labelled
with directional arrows, are at the top right of the main keyboard.
Four more, labelled PF1 through PF4, are on the numeric keypad. The
other keys on the numeric keypad can also double as special keys.
The program you are running can say what action will be taken when a
special key is pressed. The editor understands special keys to be
commands. But which commands depends on the installation. See the
terminal-dependent information (Appendix A) or ask a systems person.
You get an escape sequence by typing the "ESCAPE" or "ALTMODE"
character followed by some other character. For example, the command
<INSERT-MODE> might be invoked by the sequence ESC Q, meaning that the
user should type the two characters ESCAPE and "Q" to get the
<INSERT-MODE> command.
See Appendix A for "maps" of the layout of SED's commands on some
common terminals. There is also a series of keyboard maps for all the
terminals SED supports on SYS$DOC. They are in files named
SYS$DOC:SEDxxxxxx.KYS, where xxxxxx is the name of the terminal:
VT100, VIS200, CIT101, etc.
CHAPTER 2
HOW TO START WRITING A FILE
To get started with SED you only need to know how to put text into
your file and how to reach parts of the file which are below the
bottom or above the top of the screen. This section covers the
following topics:
RUNNING AND EXITING THE EDITOR
MOVING THE CURSOR AROUND
TYPING TEXT INTO THE FILE
INSERTING AND DELETING CHARACTERS
MOVING THE SCREEN FORWARD AND BACKWARD IN THE FILE
2.1 Running the Editor
Run SED by typing the DCL command:
$ SED filename.typ or
$ SED filename.typ=
Either form will find the given file (in this case, filename.typ) if
it exists. If the file does not exist, the first form will give you a
"File not found" error message; the second form will create the file
and let you edit it.
Also, qualifiers (switches) can be included along with the filespecs.
The qualifiers are described under the <SWITCH> command, which comes
later. In any case, the syntax is
$ SED filename.typ/qualifier/qualifier...
2.2 Exiting the Editor
Exit SED by typing <EXIT> (^Z) to save your editing session or <ABORT>
(^C) to forget it.
HOW TO START WRITING A FILE Page 2-2
Exiting the Editor 19 Jan 83
<EXIT> will save all the changes you have made in your file. A new
version (with all the new changes) of the file you are editing is
created. This file will have a version number one higher than the
original file. The original (which is now the old, or "backup") file
is not changed or deleted.
<ABORT> exits the editor and leaves the file the way it was before
editing began. A new version is not created.
2.3 Moving the Cursor Around
The cursor is the blinking dash or blot on the screen. If you type a
character it appears where the cursor is and the cursor moves one
place to the right. While editing the cursor can be moved anywhere on
the screen without changing your file. Then when a character is typed
it will appear where the cursor is, both on the screen and in the
file.
The cursor can be moved up, down, left, and right by typing one of the
cursor moving commands: <CURSOR-UP>, <CURSOR-DOWN>, <CURSOR-LEFT>,
and <CURSOR-RIGHT>. Usually these commands are on special keys with
an arrow on them. The direction of the arrow indicates the direction
which the cursor will move. There is also a <CURSOR-HOME> command to
move the cursor "home", which means the upper left corner of the
screen; type PF4.
There are other cursor moving commands. <RETURN> (or
<CARRIAGE-RETURN>) moves the cursor to the start of the next line.
The <TAB> command (^I) moves to the next tab stop (tab stops are
initially set to be every 8 characters). And <BACKTAB> (^U) moves to
the previous tab stop.
There are four more cursor movers. <BEG-LINE> (KP-4) and <END-LINE>
(KP-6) move to the beginning and end of the line, respectively.
<UP-TAB> (KP-8) moves up six lines as if you typed six <CURSOR-UP>s.
And <DOWN-TAB> (KP-2) moves down six lines.
Some implementations of SED may use the <LINE> command (^DELETE) in
place of <BEG-LINE> and <END-LINE>. <LINE> moves the cursor to the
start of the line it is on. If the cursor already is at the start of
the line, <LINE> will move it to the end of the line. So <LINE><LINE>
will usually get you to the end of the line.
2.4 Putting Text in the File
To put text in the file, just type it. The text will appear where the
cursor is. Use the cursor movement commands described above to move
the cursor to the location on the screen where you want the text to
be. The editor makes sure that the screen and the file always look
the same.
HOW TO START WRITING A FILE Page 2-3
Putting Text in the File 19 Jan 83
To replace one character with another, move the cursor to the
offending character and type the correct one on top of it. That's all
there is to it.
There are ways of inserting words in the middle of lines you have
already typed, of breaking a line in two or combining two lines into
one, of inserting blank lines, and of deleting lines or characters
that are not wanted. All of these, and a lot more besides, will be
covered in later sections of this tutorial.
2.5 Inserting and Deleting Characters
If you want to insert a word between two other words type
<INSERT-MODE> (ENTER). Then characters you type, instead of replacing
the ones in the file, will be inserted where the cursor is. The rest
of the line will move to the right as you type.
You can get out of insert mode and back into replace mode by typing
<INSERT-MODE> again.
You can delete the character you just typed by typing
<DELETE-CHARACTER> (DELETE). The character to the left of the cursor
will be deleted from the line. If that character is a tab, the entire
tab is deleted. If the cursor is at the start of a line,
<DELETE-CHARACTER> has no effect.
There are other ways both to insert and to delete text. These will be
covered later.
2.6 Moving the Screen Forward and Backward in the File
If you type on the bottom line of the screen and then type a carriage
return, the screen will roll one line. That is, the top line
disappears, the other lines move up, and a blank line appears at the
bottom. The top line has not been deleted; it is simply above the
viewing window.
You can get the lines above the viewing window back by typing
<ROLL-BACKWARD-LINES> (^W). This command does the opposite of the
above: lines disappear from the bottom, the remaining lines roll
down, and lines which were above the screen appear at the top.
<ROLL-BACKWARD-LINES> will attempt to roll about 8 lines, but it won't
go farther than the beginning of the file (so if you're at the start
of the file and type the command nothing will happen).
Similarly, you can roll the screen forward about 8 lines by typing the
<ROLL-FORWARD-LINES> command (^T).
CHAPTER 3
EDITING AN EXISTING FILE, PART 1
The preceding section did nothing more than get you started. You can
do a lot more than just typing, inserting, and deleting text. This
section gives you a taste of the full power of SED.
These topics are covered in this section:
INTRODUCTION TO COMMANDS AND PARAMETERS
ON-LINE HELP
EDITING LAST TIME'S FILE
ROLLING THE SCREEN A LONG DISTANCE
MOVING TO THE BEGINNING AND END OF THE FILE
INSERTING OR DELETING LINES OR SPACES
COPYING OR MOVING LINES OF TEXT
3.1 Introduction to Commands and Parameters
You know how do roll the screen: just type one of the <ROLL-LINES>
commands, ^T for <ROLL-FORWARD-LINES> or ^W for <ROLL-BACKWARD-LINES>.
Actually, there's more to the general command format than that.
Each command takes a parameter, which is a value or string used by the
command. For example, the parameter for the <ROLL-LINES> commands
above is the number of lines to roll. Initially there is a default
parameter, in this case, 8 lines. But you can change the parameter to
be any (positive) value you want; the screen will then roll that many
lines until you change the value again.
To give a parameter to a command, type
<ENTER><parameter><COMMAND>
The word <ENTER> means that you press the key for <ENTER-PARAMETER>
(PF1). By doing so you tell SED that what you are about to type is a
command parameter, not a piece of text.
<Parameter> is whatever value you want to give to the command (don't
type the angle brackets). It could be the number of lines or spaces
to do something with, the key to search for, or the text to insert,
EDITING AN EXISTING FILE, PART 1 Page 3-2
Introduction to Commands and Parameters 19 Jan 83
depending on what the command expects. As each command is explained
its parameters will be described.
<COMMAND> is the command; the control character, special key, or
escape sequence which does the job you want.
You can even edit parameters. <CURSOR-LEFT> will delete the most
recent character typed; <BACKTAB> (^U) will delete the latest word;
and <ERASE-LINE> (^]) will delete the entire parameter. To kill the
entire parameter and get out of ENTER mode, type the <RESET> command
(PF3).
So if you want the screen to roll 4 lines at a time, type
<ENTER>4<ROLL-FORWARD-LINES>
That is, PF1 4 ^T. The screen will roll 4 lines. If you want to roll
another 4 lines, just type
<ROLL-FORWARD-LINES>
Certain pairs of commands share a single parameter. If you set up to
roll forward 4 lines at a time, you will roll backward 4 lines too.
This sharing is done where it is natural and expected, like the key
for searching forward or back, the number of lines to insert or
delete.
3.2 On-line Help
You can get information about any command while you are editing. Type
<HELP> (KP-3), or <ENTER> twice, then the command you want help with.
Try it.
3.3 Getting Back into Last Time's File
You don't have to tell SED which file you want to edit every time.
Say you were editing THING.GIG and you exited, then later you want to
make some more changes to THING.GIG. You only have to type
$ SED
and you will be back in THING.GIG. In fact, you will be set up at the
exact page and cursor position that you were at when you exited. You
don't have to start at the beginning of the file each time you edit
it.
EDITING AN EXISTING FILE, PART 1 Page 3-3
Rolling the Screen a Long Distance 19 Jan 83
3.4 Rolling the Screen a Long Distance
You can now roll the screen forward or backward any number of lines
you want. However, if the file is long and you want to get to a place
several screens-full away, it would be awkward to figure out how many
lines to roll. There are two other commands for long-distance rolls:
<ROLL-FORWARD-PAGES> and <ROLL-BACKWARD-PAGES> (^Y and ^Q). A page is
defined as one screen-full of lines (about 24).
So if you type <ROLL-FORWARD-PAGES> the entire screen will be
rewritten, and the new line at the top of the screen will be the one
beneath the line previously at the bottom of the screen.
The parameter to the <ROLL-PAGES> commands is, naturally, the number
of pages to roll. It is shared by the two commands (ie, setting it
for one sets it for the other, too).
3.5 Moving to the Beginning and End of the File
There are easy ways to get to the beginning and the end of your file.
To get to the beginning type
<PERCENT-GOTO>
where the <PERCENT-GOTO> command is ^P. To get to the end type
<ENTER><PERCENT-GOTO>
that is, just <ENTER> and the command, with no parameter.
The full implications of the <PERCENT-GOTO> command will be covered
later.
3.6 Inserting and Deleting Lines and Spaces
So far, as long as you have been typing stuff into your file things
have been all right. But suppose you wanted to add a word, or even a
line of text, in the middle of what you'd already done? This section
shows you two commands, <INSERT-SPACES> and <INSERT-LINES>, which add
air holes to your file, and two commands, <DELETE-SPACES> and
<DELETE-LINES>, which remove unwanted stuff from the file.
The <INSERT-SPACES> command is ^A. It inserts a space in your file
where the cursor is. The parameter to <INSERT-SPACES> is the number
of spaces to insert.
<DELETE-SPACES> (^S) deletes characters (not just spaces) where the
cursor is. It shares its parameter with <INSERT-SPACES>.
EDITING AN EXISTING FILE, PART 1 Page 3-4
Inserting and Deleting Lines and Spaces 19 Jan 83
The <INSERT-LINES> command (^D) inserts a blank line where the cursor
is. If the cursor is not at the left margin, the line it is on will
be broken in two at the cursor position. The parameter to
<INSERT-LINES> is the number of lines to insert.
<DELETE-LINES> (^F) does the opposite of <INSERT-LINES>, and shares
its parameter. If you delete something accidentally using
<DELETE-LINES>, you can get it back by typing
<ENTER><PUT>
where the <PUT> command is ^G. <PUT> does a lot of things; it will
be described in gruesome detail later.
EXAMPLES
Say the cursor is at the "f" of "five" and you type <INSERT-SPACES>:
BEFORE: Pack my box with five dozen liquor jugs.
AFTER: Pack my box with five dozen liquor jugs.
You then type <ENTER>3<DELETE-SPACES>:
AFTER: Pack my box with ve dozen liquor jugs.
You type <INSERT-LINES>:
AFTER: Pack my box with
ve dozen liquor jugs.
Then you type a <CARRIAGE-RETURN> to get to the "v" and type
<ENTER>2<INSERT-LINES>:
AFTER: Pack my box with
ve dozen liquor jugs.
3.7 Copying or Moving Lines of Text
SED has two buffers which hold text from the file: the delete buffer
and the pick buffer. "Deleting" text means removing it from the file
and putting it in the delete buffer; "picking" text means loading it
into the pick buffer without changing the edited file. The contents
of either buffer can be inserted anywhere in the file, or in another
file if you wish.
You have already met the delete command: <DELETE-LINES> (^F). Its
parameter is the number of lines to remove (you can remove parts of
lines, too. See the reference manual, but don't worry about it until
you are comfortable with the editor). You can put those lines back in
EDITING AN EXISTING FILE, PART 1 Page 3-5
Copying or Moving Lines of Text 19 Jan 83
the file by typing <ENTER><PUT> (the <PUT> command is ^G).
To pick up lines of the file, that is, to load the pick buffer but not
affect the file, use the <PICK> command (^V). As with <DELETE-LINES>,
the parameter is the number of lines to pick. To insert the lines
back in the file, type just <PUT>.
Thus <PUT> is the command which writes out the pick or delete buffer.
<PUT> writes the pick buffer and <ENTER><PUT> writes the delete
buffer. Use the <PICK> command to duplicate lines from your file;
use <DELETE-LINES> to move stuff from one place to another.
CHAPTER 4
EDITING AN EXISTING FILE, PART 2
This section describes more useful commands, plus a couple of new
features of commands you already know. Wir handlen:
COMPILING AFTER EXITING
SEARCHES
WORD-WISE TAB AND BACKTAB
INSERTING TEXT IN THE FILE USING <PUT>
CHANGING FILES WHILE EDITING
RECOVERING DELETED STUFF
4.1 Compiling After Exiting
If you exit by typing <ENTER><EXIT> SED will save your file and
execute your latest compile-class command (COMPILE, LOAD, DEBUG,
EXECUTE, etc.).
4.2 Searches
You can search for any text string by typing
<ENTER><string><SEARCH-FORWARD>
where <string> is your search key (without the brackets) and
<SEARCH-FORWARD> is ^R. The file will be searched from the cursor
position to the end (if necessary), and the cursor will be positioned
at the start of the next occurrence of <string>. Similarly you can
search from the cursor position backwards to the beginning of the file
using the <SEARCH-BACKWARD> command (^E).
You can abort a losing search by typing RUBOUT (DELETE on some
terminals).
You can set up the current search key as a parameter by typing
<ENTER>S<RECALL> (<RECALL> is PF2). You can then edit the key and use
it for another search (or as the parameter for any other command).
Likewise, typing <ENTER>O<RECALL> will get back the previous search
EDITING AN EXISTING FILE, PART 2 Page 4-2
Searches 19 Jan 83
key.
Hint: Searches will go faster if the first character of the key is
infrequent in the file. If you want to look for "EXEC" in a large
file, try "XEC" instead.
4.3 Word-wise Tab and Backtab
Tab stops are set every 8 positions, and the <TAB> (TAB or ^I) and
<BACKTAB> (^U) commands move to the next or previous stop,
respectively. However, <TAB> and <BACKTAB> can also be set up to move
to the start of the next (or previous) word or to the end of a line.
To set up these "word-wise" tabs, type
<ENTER>NOT<SWITCH>
where "NOT" is the three letters N, O, T ; and <SWITCH> is ^N.
<SWITCH> is a command which sets editor switches (qualifiers), and you
are telling it that you do not want normal tabs (NO Tabs, get it?).
You can get normal tabs back by typing <ENTER>T<SWITCH>.
When you have set up word-wise tabs, you will get the following
effects:
CURSOR AT: <TAB> MOVES TO: <BACKTAB> MOVES TO:
within the line start of next word start of previous word
start of line start of next word end of previous line
last word of line end of line start of previous word
beyond end of line next 8-space tab stop start of last word of line
Word-wise tabs are a lot more fun than regular tabs.
4.4 Inserting Text in the File Using <PUT>
You can already insert text by using <INSERT-MODE> or by opening up a
hole using <INSERT-SPACES> and then typing the text over the hole.
However, the easiest way is to use the <PUT> command. Type
<ENTER><string><PUT>
where <string> is whatever you want to insert and <PUT> is ^G. This
has the same effect as opening spaces and typing over them. The
string is inserted where the cursor is.
Furthermore, the editor remembers the string, so if you want to put it
somewhere else you can move there and type <PUT> and the same string
will be inserted at the new location.
EDITING AN EXISTING FILE, PART 2 Page 4-3
Changing Files While Editing 19 Jan 83
4.5 Changing Files While Editing
If you are editing a file and you want to do something to a second
file, you can get to it by typing
<ENTER><file2><SET-FILE>
where <file2> is the filespecs for your second file and the <SET-FILE>
command is ^B. SED will save the first file (but remember where you
are) and display the first page of the second file for editing. You
can return to the first file by typing just <SET-FILE>. Then you can
get back to the second file by typing another <SET-FILE>.
You can even toggle back and forth between two positions in the same
file.
When you exit SED, your positions in both files are remembered.
If you do not give a filetype in your filespec, SED will try several
as defaults. First it will try to find the file with no extension.
Next SED will try the filetype of the file you were last editing. If
you were editing FOO.BAR and your filespec is "SAND" SED will look for
"SAND.BAR". Thus you can jump around among a family of files by
typing only the file name.
If all this fails SED will try each of the following extensions: MAR,
DAT, FOR, COM, PAS, PLI, RNO. If all of these fail you will (finally)
get the "File not found" error message.
<SET-FILE> understands sub-file directories, and has it's own way of
deciding sub-file directory defaults (as described in the reference
manual).
The name of the file being edited can be changed using the /OUT=
qualifier: For example, typing
<ENTER>FOO.BAR/OUT=FUBAR.MAR<SET-FILE>
will set up FOO.BAR for editing. The file will be saved (on exit,
another <SET-FILE>, the <SAVE-FILE> command, or incremental saves) as
FUBAR.MAR. Also, the name of the current file can be changed, for
example, by:
<ENTER>OUT=THING.GIG<SWITCH>
This will change the name of the current file to THING.GIG.
There are also other qualifiers which apply to <SET-FILE>, and other
useful features. See the <SET-FILE> and <SWITCH> sections of the
reference manual, SYS$DOC:SED.DOC, for details.
EDITING AN EXISTING FILE, PART 2 Page 4-4
Recovering Deleted Stuff 19 Jan 83
4.6 Recovering Deleted Stuff
The commands <DELETE-LINES> (^F), <DELETE-SPACES> (^S), <ERASE-LINE>
(^]), <ERASE-WORD> (KP-.), and <DELETE-CHARACTER> (DELETE) remove text
from the file. If you delete text accidentally using any of these
commands, you can get it back. <DELETE-LINES> can be recovered from
by typing <ENTER><PUT>, as described in a previous section. The text
from the other four commands can be recovered by typing <ENTER><HELP>.
CHAPTER 5
EDITOR GOODIES
Now you know nearly all the essentials of SED. The rest of this
tutorial deals with things that can make your life a lot easier, but
which do not give you anything really new. There's even more fun
stuff that isn't covered here. See the editor reference manual for
all the bells and whistles.
Here you will find:
DEFINING PARAMETERS BY MOVING THE CURSOR
MOVING A GIVEN PERCENT OF THE WAY THROUGH THE FILE
<SWITCH>: SETTING QUALIFIERS OR QUERYING STATUS
ERASING TO THE END OF A LINE
HOW TO EDIT PARAMETERS
5.1 Defining Parameters by Moving the Cursor
You don't need to know how to count in order to issue editor commands.
Instead of typing, say, <ENTER>7<DELETE-SPACES>, you could type
<ENTER> and then move the cursor over the characters you want to
delete (using <TAB> or <CURSOR-RIGHT>). Then type <DELETE-SPACES>,
and the stuff between where the cursor started and where it ended will
be deleted. This method of passing a parameter to a command is called
"cursor movement." It is often a lot easier to use than counting.
When you initiate cursor movement the editor will type "Parm defined
by cursor movement" at the bottom of the screen as a reminder.
Cursor movement works across a span of lines, too, and often can cover
a change of both lines and spaces. For example, if the cursor were at
the "b" in "box" and you typed <ENTER><CARRIAGE-RETURN><TAB><TAB>
<INSERT-LINES>, you would insert one blank line and 16 spaces into the
file:
EDITOR GOODIES Page 5-2
Defining Parameters by Moving the Cursor 19 Jan 83
BEFORE: Pack my box with five dozen liquor jugs.
This is the thing of the gig
and the gig is where it's at.
AFTER: Pack my
box with five dozen liquor jugs.
This is the thing of the gig
and the gig is where it's at.
In this example the same thing could have been done by typing
<ENTER><CURSOR-DOWN><INSERT-LINES>.
Any key that moves the cursor can be used for a cursor movement
parameter. SED looks only at where the cursor starts and where it
ends up; It does not know how the cursor gets there. It does not
matter what the cursor passes over on the way. So the quickest way of
getting the cursor where you want it is the best (an easy way to get
to the bottom of the screen is to type <HOME><CURSOR-UP>).
5.2 Moving a Given Percent of the Way Through the File
The <PERCENT-GOTO> command (^P) was touched upon as the means of
getting to the start or the end of the file. Actually, it can be used
to move to any amount of the way through the file. Typing
<ENTER>37<PERCENT-GOTO>
will display a page of the file that is about 37% of the way through
it. The beginning of the file is 0%; the end is 100%. A shorthand
way of asking for the end of the file is to type simply
<ENTER><PERCENT-GOTO>
The quickest way to get back to the start of the file is to type
<PERCENT-GOTO>
5.3 <SWITCH>: Setting Qualifiers or Querying Status
The <SWITCH> command (^N) has two uses. The first is to set
qualifiers (switches) to get SED to perform the way you want it to.
You have already seen the /TABS qualifier which sets up word-wise or
normal tabs. The other function of <SWITCH> is to display information
about the file you are editing or the setting of the nominal
parameters.
Qualifiers can also be given when running SED, or in SED.INI.
EDITOR GOODIES Page 5-3
<SWITCH>: Setting Qualifiers or Querying Status 19 Jan 83
To get file status information, just type <SWITCH> without a
parameter. The editor will write on the bottom of the screen a line
which looks like:
FILE: [HALLC]SED.RNO LINE: 534(67%) POS'N: 1 ALT: [HALLC]FOO.BAR
This line says that the current file is SED.RNO, the cursor is at the
start of the 534th line, which is 67% through the file, and the
alternate file is FOO.BAR.
To find out what the nominal parameters are set to, type
<ENTER><SWITCH>. This will give you a line like:
RL:8, RP:1, PC:2, SL:8, IL:1, IS:8, PK:3,8, TB:8; KEY:th SUB:FOO
This message tells you that the following values are set:
LINES TO ROLL: 8
PAGES TO ROLL: 1
PERCENT-GOTO: 2
SLIDE: 8
INSERT/DELETE LINES: 1 LINE AND 0 SPACES
INSERT/DELETE SPACES: 8
PICK: 3 LINES AND 8 SPACES
TAB SIZE: 8
SEARCH KEY: th
SUBSTITUTE STRING: FOO
So if you type a <PERCENT-GOTO> command with no parameter you will go
to the 2% point, a <DELETE-LINES> will delete 1 line (and
<INSERT-LINES> will insert 1 line), and a <PICK> will pick up 3 lines.
There are a number of qualifiers which you can set to tailor SED to
your own tastes. Here are the most useful ones. See the editor
reference manual, SYS$DOC:SED.DOC, for a description of all the
qualifiers.
AGAIN=n edit the same file again, n percent through
BACKUP make a backup file on exit
CASE make searches case-dependent ("THE" is different from "the")
GOTO=n on a SET-FILE or initial run, start n percent into the file
LENG=n make SED think the terminal is n lines long
QUICK don't display the file on startup or <SET-FILE>
READ make the file read-only (file-altering commands are illegal)
RESET reset command nominals after each command
ISAVE=n do an incremental save every n commands
SAVE=n do an incremental save every n characters of type-in
TABS=n set tabs to be every n spaces, or set up word-wise tabs
WIDTH=n make SED think the terminal is n spaces wide
SED starts with BACKUP/NOCASE/GOTO=0/RESET/NOISAVE/NOSAVE/TABS=8.
LENGTH and WIDTH are the dimensions of your terminal (usually 24 and
80).
EDITOR GOODIES Page 5-4
<SWITCH>: Setting Qualifiers or Querying Status 19 Jan 83
Typing NOqualifier will negate the effect described above. NOBACK
will cause no backup file to be made, and NOCASE will make searches be
case-independent. NOGOTO doesn't make sense, but probably parses the
same as GOTO.
Ideas: /NOTABS is more fun than /TABS. If you don't like the clutter
of multiple versions, set /NOBACK in SED.INI. Then set /BACK only
when you are editing a file and you want to preserve the unedited
copy. To look at a file and ensure it won't be changed use /READ in
the <SET-FILE> or DCL level SED command.
5.4 <ERASE-LINE>: Erase from Cursor to End of Line
The <ERASE-LINE> command (^]) deletes all characters from the cursor
position to the end of the line. It performs exactly as if you typed
<ENTER>1000<DELETE-SPACES>.
In a parameter <ERASE-LINE> can be used to delete the entire parameter
or cancel cursor movement.
Typing <ENTER><HELP> will recover an erroneously erased line.
5.5 How to Edit Parameters
If you make a mistake while typing a parameter you can correct it in a
number of ways. In a parameter,
TO DELETE THE TYPE (KEY:)
latest character <CURSOR-LEFT> ^H
<DELETE-CHARACTER> DELETE
latest word <BACKTAB> ^U
entire parameter <ERASE-LINE> ^]
Also, to forget the parameter entirely type <RESET> (PF3).
Here's another useful feature: Suppose you type
<ENTER>LABEL1:<SEARCH-FORWARD>
and then realize you wanted to search for "LABEL", not "LABEL:". You
can abort the search, if necessary, by typing RUBOUT (DELETE on some
terminals). Then type the <RECALL> command (PF2), which displays on
the bottom line
>LABEL1:
You can then type a <CURSOR-LEFT> to get rid of the ":" and
<SEARCH-FORWARD> to go hunt for "LABEL".
EDITOR GOODIES Page 5-5
How to Edit Parameters 19 Jan 83
Thus the <RECALL> command acts just as if you typed <ENTER> followed
by the latest parameter you typed. It is useful in three instances:
when you typed an almost-right parameter, when you typed the right
parameter but the wrong command, and when you want to see what the
heck that last parameter was.
CHAPTER 6
MORE EDITOR GOODIES
Here are a couple more conveniences that you will wonder how you ever
got along without:
RECTANGULAR INSERT/DELETE SPACES
TOKEN PARAMETERS
<PICK>ING OR <DELETE>ING A LOT OF STUFF
SCANNING
CHANGING THE CASE OF CHARACTERS
SETTING OR CLEARING THE SPLIT-SCREEN WINDOW
ERASING WORDS FROM THE FILE
SUBSTITUTING (SEARCH AND REPLACE)
6.1 Rectangular Insert/Delete Spaces
Say you have a diagram which you want to move to the right. You could
do an <INSERT-SPACES> command on each line the diagram is on. Or you
could save yourself some typing by opening a rectangle of spaces, as
follows.
Move the cursor to the first line and type <ENTER>. Move the cursor
right as many spaces as you want to open (this is, of course, a cursor
movement parameter). Move the cursor down past all the lines you want
to act upon (they must all be on the screen). Then type
<INSERT-SPACES>.
You defined a rectangle whose opposite corners were the starting and
ending positions of the cursor, and that rectangle got filled up with
spaces, pushing everything over.
The same sort of thing happens with <DELETE-SPACES>, except, of
course, the interior of the rectangle is deleted from the file.
MORE EDITOR GOODIES Page 6-2
Token Parameters 19 Jan 83
6.2 Token Parameters
Sometimes the parameter you want is looking up at you from the
terminal screen. Instead of having to type it you can pick the
parameter up from the file. Such a parameter is called a token.
To get a token parameter, position the cursor at the start of the
thing you want and type <ENTER><COMMAND> (fill in the desired
command). Either the "word" at the cursor location or the length of
that word will be taken as the command's parameter. A "word" is
defined to be the text starting at the cursor and extending to the
first non-alphanumeric character.
If the command takes a numeric parameter, the size of the token is
used; otherwise the actual string will be used. For example, to
delete a word from the file, position to it and type
<ENTER><DELETE-SPACES>. To search for the word at the cursor position
type <ENTER><SEARCH-FORWARD>.
Not all commands allow token parameters. You've seen the
<PERCENT-GOTO> and <PUT> commands, where <ENTER><COMMAND> has a
special non-token meaning. However, in general if a token makes sense
for a command, it is legal. Experiment and see what happens.
6.3 Picking or Deleting a Lot of Stuff
Using the <MARK> (KP-7) command, you can mark your current position in
the file, move forward or backward to any other position, and do a
<PICK> or <DELETE-LINES> which will affect all of the text between the
mark and the ending cursor position. You can use <ROLLS>, <SEARCHES>,
<PERCENT-GOTO>, or any other command which does not modify the file,
to get to the other end of the text you want to work with. The
<PICK>ed or <DELETE>d text can be <PUT> back in the file in the normal
fashion (by typing <PUT> or <ENTER><PUT>).
The MARK command thus changes the action of the <PICK> and
<DELETE-LINES> (with no parameter) commands. After <MARK> is typed
and until the file is modified, <PICK> or <DELETE-LINES> will work
with the mark, not with the current parameter. After the <PICK> or
<DELETE-LINES> is done the mark goes away.
So if the nominal lines to pick is 1, and you type
<MARK>
<ENTER><PERCENT-GOTO>
<PICK>
you will pick up all the text from where the mark is to the end of the
file. If you do another <PICK> you will pick up one line.
MORE EDITOR GOODIES Page 6-3
Scanning 19 Jan 83
6.4 Scanning
Scanning is where SED will do a <ROLL-FORWARD-LINES> or
<ROLL-BACKWARD-LINES>, wait a little, then roll again. It will keep
rolling and waiting until you tell it to stop.
To start scanning type <ENTER><ROLL-FORWARD-LINES> (or <-BACK->). To
stop type any character or RUBOUT.
6.5 Changing the Case of Characters
The <CASE> command (KP-9) changes the case of the letters starting
where the cursor is. Two qualifiers control way <CASE> works: /INVRT
and /RAISE (use the <SWITCH> command, ^N, to set or clear qualifiers).
If /INVRT is set (which is the default) then the case of all the
letters is inverted: upper is changed to lower and lower to upper.
If /NOINVRT is set then the setting of /RAISE is used. If /RAISE is
set (default), lower case characters at the cursor will be changed to
upper case. Upper case and non-alphabetic characters are unaffected.
Likewise, if /NORAISE is set, upper case characters are changed to
lower case.
The parameter to <CASE> is the number of characters to look at and
maybe change the case of. You can use cursor movement to make <CASE>
work for more than one line. For example, suppose the cursor is on
the "b" of box in the first line and you type <ENTER><DOWN><CASE>:
BEFORE: Pack my box with five dozen liquor jugs.
Pack my box with five dozen liquor jugs.
AFTER: Pack my BOX WITH FIVE DOZEN LIQUOR JUGS.
PACK MY box with five dozen liquor jugs.
6.6 Setting or Clearing the Split-Screen Window
The <WINDOW> command (KP-1) allows you to divide the terminal screen
into upper and lower halves and display (and edit) a file in each
half. If windowing is in effect, typing <WINDOW> again will bring the
screen back to the normal single-file mode.
After <WINDOW> is typed the file you are currently editing will appear
in the top half of the screen and the bottom half will be blank. If
you do a <SET-FILE> (with or without a parameter), the top window will
remain unchanged and the new file will appear in the bottom window.
You can then use <SET-FILE>s to toggle between the two windows or to
change the file which appears in the window.
MORE EDITOR GOODIES Page 6-4
Erasing Words from the File 19 Jan 83
6.7 Erasing Words from the File
The <ERASE-WORD> command (KP-.) deletes the word which ends at the
cursor position.
<ERASE-WORD> also can be used to erase words in parameters.
Typing <ENTER><HELP> will recover an erroneously erased word.
6.8 Substituting (Search and Replace)
The <SUBSTITUTE> command (^SPACE) searches forward from the cursor
position for a string (the key) and substitutes another string (the
substitute string) for it. You can tell <SUBSTITUTE> how many times
to repeat the process.
There are three types of parameters to <SUBSTITUTE>:
<ENTER>Sstring1 <ENTER>Rstring2 <ENTER>number
The first parameter sets up string1 as the search key. The string
must be preceded by the letter "S" (or "s"). The search key is shared
with the <SEARCH-FORWARD> and <SEARCH-BACKWARD> commands.
The second parameter sets up string2 as the entity to replace
occurrences of string1. The string must be preceded by the letter "R"
(or "r"). String2 may be null, meaning that string1 will be deleted
wherever it is found.
The third parameter tells how many times to perform the search and
substitute.
Searching is done the same as for the <SEARCH> commands, so wild
characters, case independence, and aborting the command with RUBOUT
all work.
One, two, or all three of these parameters may be given at once, in
any order. The command <ENTER>SFOO<ENTER>Rfoo<ENTER>1000<SUBSTITUTE>
will change all occurrences of "FOO" to "foo" from the cursor to the
end of the file (well, 1000 times, anyway).
Following the above command with
<ENTER>SFUBAR<ENTER>1000<SUBSTITUTE>
will change all occurrences (starting at the current cursor position)
of "FUBAR" to "foo". Note that the substitute key was not given, so
it defaulted to its latest setting.
Sometimes it is useful to set up the parameters, think about them, and
perform the substitute when everything looks right. If the numeric
parameter is omitted, them <SUBSTITUTE> will set up the key and
MORE EDITOR GOODIES Page 6-5
Substituting (Search and Replace) 19 Jan 83
substitute string, but will not execute. Thus the commands
<ENTER>SGIG<ENTER>RTHING<SUBSTITUTE>
<ENTER>1<SUBSTITUTE>
<SUBSTITUTE>
<ENTER>10<ENTER>STHIS<SUBSTITUTE>
<SUBSTITUTE>
works as follows:
1) Only sets up the parameters.
2) Does one <SUBSTITUTE> since there was a numeric parameter.
3) Also does one <SUBSTITUTE>.
4) Changes the search key to "THIS" and does 10 iterations.
5) Also does 10 iterations.
Note: <SUBSTITUTE> is the only command for which multiple <ENTER>s
are legal. For other commands, all <ENTER>s except the first one are
ignored.
CHAPTER 7
USEFUL COMMANDS FOR SPECIAL CASES
This chapter describes commands which are not used very much, but
which come in handy when they are needed. For example, files will
usually be less than 80 characters wide, but if you are editing a
lineprinter file you will want to know how to reach the part of it
that is off the right of the viewing window. Topics covered here are:
WHAT TO DO IF THE FILE IS WIDE
HOW TO PUT CONTROL CHARACTERS IN THE FILE
MANY WAYS TO SAVE THE FILE
REPAIRING A FRAGGED SCREEN
REPEATING COMMANDS OR INVENTING YOUR OWN
SETTING UP DEFAULT QUALIFIERS IN SED.INI
SPAWNING A SUBPROCESS FROM SED
7.1 What to Do If the File is Wide
The <SLIDE-LEFT> (^~) and <SLIDE-RIGHT> (^\) commands move the viewing
window left and right. Note that you are sliding the window over the
file, so <SLIDE-RIGHT> shows you higher-numbered columns.
The parameter to the <SLIDE> commands is the number of columns to
slide.
7.2 How to Put Control Characters in the File
Type <ENTER-CONTROL-CHARACTER> (^O) and the actual character. To
insert a CONTROL-L in the file, type <ENTER-C-C> followed by the
character L. This command can be used within a parameter, too.
Useful control characters to insert are tab (CONTROL-I) and formfeed
or page mark (CONTROL-L).
The <REAL-TAB> command (KP-0) can also be used to put a tab in the
file. It acts exactly as if you typed "<ENTER-C-C>I". Note that the
<REAL-TAB> command puts a tab character in the file, whereas the <TAB>
command causes the cursor to move but does not actually modify the
USEFUL COMMANDS FOR SPECIAL CASES Page 7-2
How to Put Control Characters in the File 19 Jan 83
file.
7.3 Many Ways to Save the File
The file you are editing is saved when you type <EXIT> or <SET-FILE>
(and not saved when you exit using <ABORT>). You can set the /SAVE=
and /ISAVE= qualifiers so that the file is saved automatically every
so many commands or characters of type-in. See the section about the
<SWITCH> command (or, better yet, Appendix D in the reference manual,
SYS$DOC:SED.DOC). There's also a command, <SAVE-FILE> (KP-,) which
saves the file when you type it.
BEWARE: <SAVE-FILE><ABORT> leaves your file in a format readable only
by SED. So if you've changed a file be sure to end the editing
session with <EXIT>. (Or, let SED fix up the file the next time you
edit it.)
7.4 Repairing a Fragged Screen
If your terminal screen has been messed up by a system message or
something (or any time you're not confident that the display is
correct) you can force the screen to be rewritten by typing <REWRITE>
(KP-5). <ENTER>^<RESET> (that's the up-arrow or caret character) also
rewrites the screen. The <RESET> command is PF3.
7.5 Repeating Commands or Inventing Your Own
If you have a sequence of commands which you want to repeat many times
(like doing a search and substitute, for example, or removing the
first 16 characters of every line of the file) you can store that
sequence in a buffer in the editor and then execute it as many times
as you like.
You can also use these buffers to define new editor commands and
attach them to terminal keys. The buffers can be saved and read from
disk or set up in SED.INI.
The command which does these things is <EXECUTE> (^X). There are too
many details to describe here. Suffice it to say that SED has a
language which includes all the commands plus several constructs such
as DO WHILE and IF CHARACTER or POSITION, and that you can write and
run "programs" in that language. The reference manual,
SYS$DOC:SED.DOC, contains all the details.
USEFUL COMMANDS FOR SPECIAL CASES Page 7-3
Setting Up Default Qualifiers in SED.INI 19 Jan 83
7.6 Setting Up Default Qualifiers in SED.INI
When SED starts up it tries to find its default command file, SED.INI,
in your current directory ([]). If that fails, SED looks again in
your logged-in directory (SYS$LOGIN). If SED.INI contains a line like
/NBA/NT
then SED will set those switches when it begins to run. In this
example the "no backup file" and "no tabs" (ie, word-wise tabs)
switches will be set.
SED.INI can also be used to set up execute buffers. For example,
/X:NAME,^[X:$gig^PT^RT
sets up a buffer named "NAME" which does a <PUT> and a carriage
return, and causes it to be invoked when you type ESCAPE-X. That
won't make much sense unless you've read up on the <EXECUTE> command
in the reference manual (SYS$DOC:SED.DOC), but hopefully it will make
you curious.
7.7 Spawning a Subprocess from SED
The <SPAWN> command (not implemented) creates a subprocess under SED.
You can then issue any DCL commands you want. Logging-out will logout
the subprocess and return you to the editing session as you left it.
APPENDIX A
KEYBOARD LAYOUT
SED commands are invoked by typing a control character or pressing a
function key. For terminals without function keys, some commands may
need to be typed as an "escape sequence." Therefore, what you type may
vary somewhat from terminal to terminal. However, the general layout
is:
._____. ._____. ._____. ._____. .___________.
|ENTER| |SUBST| |LINE | |ERASE| | SLIDE |
|PARAM| |ITUTE| | | |LINE | |LEFT RIGHT|
| [ | ... | @ | ... | _ | ... | ] | ... | ^ \ |
|_____| |_____| |_____| |_____| |_____|_____|
.___________________________________________________________.
| ROLL-BACK | SEARCH |ROLL-FORWRD| TAB |ENTER|PRCNT|
|PAGES LINES|BKWRD FORWD|LINES PAGES|BKWRD FORWD|C-CH |GOTO |
| q w | e r | t y | u i | o | p |
|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|
|INSRT DELET|INSRT DELET|PUT | CURSOR |
| SPACES | LINES | |LEFT DOWN UP RIGHT|
| a s | d f | g | h j k l |
|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|
|EXIT |EXE- |ABORT|PICK |SET |SWTCH|RE- |
| |CUTE | | |FILE | |TURN |
| z | x | c | v | b | n | m |
|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|
Notice how the commands are grouped. There is no mnemonic
relationship (except by coincidence) between the name of a command and
the key it is on. Instead, commands with similar functions are placed
near each other. Most SED users agree that this system is better than
a mnemonic placement which would chaotically scatter the commands all
over the keyboard.
A.1 DEC VT100 Terminal
The SED command layout on a DEC VT100 terminal appears (in two parts!)
on the next page. No escape sequences are necessary, since SED uses
the numeric keypad as a set of function keys. (See
SYS$DOC:SEDVT100.KYS for an "all in one piece" terminal map.)
KEYBOARD LAYOUT Page A-2
DEC VT100 Terminal 19 Jan 83
._______.
| |
| | DEC VT100 Keyboard for the SED Editor
|set-up |
|_______|_________________________________________________________
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | ! | @ | # | $ | % | ^ | & | * | ( | )
| esc | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0
|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____
| TAB | ROLL-BACK | SEARCH |ROLL-FORWRD| TAB |ENTER|
| |PAGES LINES|BKWRD FORWD|LINES PAGES|BKWRD FORWD|C-CH |
| tab | q | w | e | r | t | y | u | i | o |
.___|________|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|__
| | |INSRT DELET|INSRT DELET|PUT | CURSOR |
| | caps | SPACES | LINES | |LEFT DOWN UP RIGHT|
|ctrl | lock | a | s | d | f | g | h | j | k | l |
|_____|________|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|
| | |EXIT |EXE- |ABORT|PICK |SET |SWTCH|RE- | |
| no | | |CUTE | | |FILE | |TURN | < | >
|scrol| shift | z | x | c | v | b | n | m | , | .
|_____|___________|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|___
| SUBSTITUTE
| space
|_________________________________________________
._______________________. ._______________________.
| CURSOR | |ENTER RECAL RESET|CURSR|
| UP DOWN LEFT RIGHT| | PARAMETER |HOME |
| /\ | \/ | <-- | --> | | pf1 | pf2 | pf3 | pf4 |
__________|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____. |_____|_____|_____|_____|
| | | |SLIDE|CURSR| | |MARK | UP- |CASE | TAB |
( | ) | _ | + |LEFT |LEFT | | | | TAB | |SET/C|
9 | 0 | - | = | ~ ` |bcksp|break| | 7 | 8 | 9 | - |
____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____| |_____|_____|_____|_____|
|ENTER|PRCNT| |ERASE|RE- |ERASE| |BEGIN| RE- | END |SAVE |
|C-CH |GOTO | { |LINE |TURN |CHAR | |LINE |WRITE|LINE |FILE |
| o | p | [ | ] | |delet| | 4 | 5 | 6 | , |
_|_____|_____|_____|_____| |_____| |_____|_____|_____|_____|
| | | RETURN |SLIDE| |WIN- |DOWN |HELP |INSRT|
RIGHT| : | " | |RIGHT| |DOW |TAB | |MODE |
| l | ; | ' | return | \ | | 1 | 2 | 3 | |
___|_____|_____|_____|_________|_____| |_____|_____|_____| |
| | |LINE | |CURSR| | REAL-TAB |ERASE| |
| < | > | ? | |DOWN | | |WORD | |
| , | . | / | shift |linfd| | 0 | . |enter|
|_____|_____|_____|_________|_____| |___________|_____|_____|
|
|
______________|
Hold down the "ctrl" key while typing commands on the letter (a
through z), space, or special character ("]", "/", "", "`") keys. All
other commands are typed by pressing the indicated key.
KEYBOARD LAYOUT Page A-3
Visual 200 Terminal 19 Jan 83
A.2 Visual 200 Terminal
Here is the layout for the Visual 200 terminal. Since this terminal
has a lot of function keys, no "escape sequences" are necessary.
.____________________________________________________________________
|ENTER RECAL|INSRT|DELET|REAL |MARK |LINE |CASE |WIN- |HELP |BEGIN
| PARAMETER |MODE |CHAR |TAB | | | |DOW | | LINE
| f0 | f1 | f2 | f3 | f4 | f5 | f6 | f7 | f8 | f9 | f10 |
|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|__
._____________________________________________________________________
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | ! | " | # | $ | % | & | ' | ( | ) | | =
| esc | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | -
|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|___
|TAB | ROLL-BACK | SEARCH |ROLL-FORWRD| TAB |ENTER|PRCNT|
| |PAGES LINES|BKWRD FORWD|LINES PAGES|BKWRD FORWD|C-CH |GOTO |
| tab | q | w | e | r | t | y | u | i | o | p |
|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_
| |INSRT DELET|INSRT DELET|PUT | CURSOR |
| | SPACES | LINES | |LEFT DOWN UP RIGHT| +
| ctrl| a | s | d | f | g | h | j | k | l | ;
|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____
| |EXIT |EXE- |ABORT|PICK |SET |SWTCH|RE- | | |
| | |CUTE | | |FILE | |TURN | < | > | ?
| shift | z | x | c | v | b | n | m | , | . | /
|_______|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|___
| | |
| caps| |
| only| space |
|_____|___________________________________________________|_
KEYBOARD LAYOUT Page A-4
Visual 200 Terminal 19 Jan 83
._____.
|CLEAR|
_____________________________________________________________|LINE |
|WIN- |HELP |BEGIN END | UP DOWN | CURSOR |
|DOW | | LINE | TAB |LEFT RIGHT UP DOWN HOME |
| f8 | f9 | f10 | f11 | f12 | f13 | <-- | --> | /\ | \/ | home|
_|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|
__________________________________________. ._________________.
| | | | | SLIDE |CURSR| | INSERT |TAB |
| ( | ) | | = |LEFT RIGHT|LEFT | |LINE SPACE|SET/C|
| 8 | 9 | 0 | - | ^ \ | bs | | 7 | 8 | 9 |
|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|___. |_____|_____|_____|
TAB |ENTER|PRCNT|SUBST| |LINE |RETURN | | DELETE | |
FORWD|C-CH |GOTO |ITUTE| { | del | r | |LINE SPACE| |
| i | o | p | @ | [ |RESET| e | | 4 | 5 | 6 |
__|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_. t | |_____|_____|_____|
CURSOR | | |ERASE|CURSR| u | | ERASE | |
UP RIGHT| + | * |LINE |DOWN | r | |LINE WORD | |
j | k | l | ; | : | ] | lf | n | | 1 | 2 | 3 |
____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____| |_____|_____|_____|
|RE- | | | | | | | |SAVE |REWRT|
|TURN | < | > | ? | | | | |FILE |SCREN|
| m | , | . | / | shift |scrol| | 0 | , | . |
|_____|_____|_____|_____|_________|_____| |_____|_____|_____|
| | | |RETURN |
| convert | | |<ENTER> |
| function| | - | enter |
____________________|_________| |________|________|
Use the "convert function" key to type CLEAR LINE or key- pad commands
(except RETURN). In /KEYPAD mode, just type the keypad command
(convert function not needed). /KEYPAD mode is required for keypad
commands in <angle brackets>.