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[*ASCI][*RUNOFF]
[*FSPEC]NFT-10@RDH-80-002-00-S@12-Jan-84@
18-07155@@@
NFT-10 NIP//FAL//TSC Executive@
Robert Houk@

[*HL1]Product Overview@
[*HL2]Product Abstract@
NFT-10 is a user-mode system utility designed to
provide distributed file manipulation capabilities to TOPS-10 users./l
/l
NFT-10 provides facilities with which users may
copy, change, and delete data files residing anywhere within
a DECnet computer network./l
/l
NFT-10 also provides the File Access Listener (FAL) which enables remote
systems to access files within the local TOPS-10 file system./l
/l
The NFT-10 command language will be similar to other TOPS-10
CUSPs such as DIRECT, PIP, and the languages.

[*HL2]Markets@
See the DECnet-10 product plan.

[*HL2]Competitive Analysis@
Not Applicable.

[*HL2]Product Audience@
NFT-10 is aimed at the TOPS-10 user who must deal with data files
in a distributed computer network.

[*PG]
[*HL1]Product Goals@
[*HL2]Environments@
NFT-10 will run under TOPS-10 7.02 or later monitors with
DECnet networks./l
/l
NFT-10 has no explicit environmental requirements.

[*HL2]Reliability Goals@
Since NFT-10 is the major data file access mechanism supplied
with DECnet-10 it must be of the utmost reliability./l
/l
It is a specific goal that NFT-10 will NEVER claim to have successfully
copied a data file when it has not in fact done so. NFT-10 will
have many internal redundancy checks on both internal program
operation and overall data integrity.

[*HL2]Non-Goals@
It is not a goal that NFT-10 should replace PIP-10./l
/l
NFT-10 will not provide "OPR" control over FAL operations./l
/l
NFT-10 will not provide a queued network file spooling mechanism./l
/l
NFT-10 will not provide user accounting//logging information./l
/l
NFT-10 will not support non-sequential file access.

[*PG]
[*HL1]General Functional//Operational Definition@
NFT-10 (NIP//FAL//TSC Executive)
is a user-mode system utility
which can manipulate (copy, rename, delete, execute) data files in a
distributed (network) computer system environment in response to user commands
either typed in from a command terminal or from a pre-defined
commands file./l
/l
NFT accepts commands in a "verb" mode compatible with native
TOPS-10 command syntax. NFT command syntax is of the form:/l
/l
	/<command/> /[/[/<arg/>/]/] /<eol/>/l
/l
Where /<command/> is the name of a valid NFT command function;
and /<arg/> is//are any required and//or optional arguments
needed to complete the command. All commands must be terminated
by an End-Of-Line condition (typically a carriage-return line-feed
sequence)./l
/l
Appendix A lists a syntactical definition of the command language
in general, and of "file specification"s in particular./l
/l
Command-specific switches are listed with each command description;
general non-command-specific switches are listed
with each NFT mode section;
the "standard" file-specific switches are listed in Appendix B./l
/l
The NFT program operates in one of three modes: NIP, FAL, or TSC.
Each operational mode is both conceptually and pragmatically
distinct from the others. In effect each NFT operational mode
can be viewed as a separate program, replete with its own
prompt, set of commands, and operational philosophy.


[*PG][*HL2]NIP Mode Operation@
NIP (Network Interchange Process) is the default operational mode for
NFT, and is the mode in which NFT always starts./l
/l
NIP mode provides the interactive file manipulation facilities
which constitute the major visible portion of NFT as a whole./l
/l
NIP commands are:/l
[*ls]
[*le]COPY - Make new copies of selected files
[*le]DDT - Call DDT if it is loaded
[*le]DELETE - Delete selected files
[*le]DIRECTORY - List selected files
[*le]EXIT - Terminate program execution; return to monitor mode
[*le]HELP - Provide help on NIP operation
[*le]NETWORK - Display information about network nodes
[*le]PRINT - Queue selected files to line printer spooler
[*le]RENAME - Change the names and//or attributes of selected file(s)
[*le]SUBMIT - Submit selected files to batch command processor
[*le]TLINK - Cross-connect ("link") two terminals
[*le]TYPE - Type the selected files on controlling terminal
[*le]DDELETE - DAP-mode DELETE command
[*le]DDIRECTORY - DAP-mode DIRECTORY command
[*le]DRENAME - DAP-mode RENAME command
[*le]DSUBMIT - DAP-mode SUBMIT command
[*le]FAL - Enter FAL mode
[*le]TSC - Enter TSC mode
[*els]

The general NIP command switches are:/l
/l

[*TABLE2][email protected]@[*IVTB][email protected]@[email protected]@

[*TE2]///[NO/]MOAN@Do /[not/] issue general warning complaints./l/l
The //MOAN switch is used to instruct NIP to issue warnings when
a dubious condition is encountered, typically requiring NIP to
make some "wild" guess (e.g., in a file copy operation, the data
type or data byte size) in order to compete the command. The
default is //NOMOAN.@

[*TE2]///[NO/]OKERROR@Do /[not/] abort on execution errors./l/l
The ///[NO/]OKERROR switch controls whether or not NIP will
abort the command if an error occurs. //OKERROR directs
NIP to ignore file access and I//O errors as appropriate, issuing
warning messages. //NOOKERROR instructs NIP to abort the current
command on the first occurence of a file access or I//O error.
The default setting is //NOOKERROR.@

[*TE2]//TOTALS/[:lst/]@Explicitly control the totals summary./l/l
The //TOTALS switch controls the totals summary printed
at the end of the command execution. The various totals quantities
(files, errors, etc.) may be individually controlled by
specifying the totals quantities to be listed as the ":lst"
value to the switch. All //TOTALS quantities are "additive"
in that the specification of one quantity does not affect any
other quantity. If a quantity-name is preceded with a "NO"
then that quantity will not be listed. If more that one quantity is
specified then the individual quantities must be separated with
commas, and the entire list enclosed with parenthesis.
//TOTALS or //TOTALS:ALL directs NIP to
print a totals summary of all applicable quantities
at the completion (successful or
otherwise) of the current command.
//TOTALS:NONE instructs NIP to not print a totals summary.
The //TOTALS quantitites are:/l
[*ls]
[*le]BITS - List the total number of data bits
[*le]BYTES - List the total number of data bytes
[*le]WORDS - List the total number of 36-bit words
[*le]RECORDS - List the total number of records
[*le]BLOCKS - List the total number of 128-word blocks
[*le]PAGES - List the total number of 512-word pages
[*le]FILES - List the total number of files
[*le]BAUD - List the effective data transfer rate (bits per second)
[*le]ERRORS - List the total number of execution errors
[*els]

Inappropriate items (e.g., DELETE//TOTALS:BAUD) are ignored.@


[*TP]3@1@[*HL3]COPY command/l@
The COPY command is used to copy one or more data
files, optionally providing limited manipulation of the data
being copied./l
/l
The COPY command syntax is:/l
/l
	COPY /[/<out-fil/> "="/] /<in-fil-expr/> /<eol/>/l
/l
Where /<out-fil/> is the simple output or destination file specification;
and /<in-fil-expr/> is the input or source file specification expression./l
/l
Although by definition an output file is required, the output file
specification is optional. If no output file specification is
provided then the output file specification is defaulted completely
as described below.  Output file defaults are:/l
[*ls]
[*le]Node - Local host
[*le]Device - DSK: if local host, none if a remote node
[*le]Path - /[/] (no explicit path selected)
[*le]File Name - * (filled in from matching input file name)
[*le]File Type - * (filled in from matching input file type)
[*le]//IOMODE - determined by data type from input file
[*els]

The input file specification expression is required and is defaulted
as specified below:/l
[*ls]
[*le]Node - Local host
[*le]Device - DSK: if local host, none if a remote node
[*le]Path - /[/] (no explicit path selected)
[*le]File Name - *
[*le]File Type - *
[*le]//IOMODE - determined by file creation mode, default is ASCII
[*els]

By default, the COPY command will make exact copies of the files
being copied. NIP can provide some elementary data manipulation./l
/l
The COPY command-specific switches are:/l
/l

[*TABLE2][email protected]@[*IVTB][email protected]@[email protected]@
[*TE2]///[NO/]ARROW@Do /[not] print in "up-arrow" format./l/l
The ///[NO/]ARROW switch controls whether or not ASCII control
characters will be "printed" literally or in "up-arrow" form.
//ARROW directs NIP to convert all control characters except
tab, carriage-return, line-feed, and form-feed into the corresponding
arrow form. //NOARROW directs NIP to not convert control
characters into arrow form.
The default is //NOARROW.@

[*TE2]///[NO/]BAUD@Do /[not/] print the baud rate in the totals summary./l/l
The ///[NO/]BAUD switch controls whether or not the totals summary
will include the baud (bits per second) rate of the data transfer.
//BAUD will always include the baud rate in the totals summary.
//NOBAUD will never include the baud rate in the totals summary.
The ///[NO/]BAUD switch is merely a "shorthand" way of controlling
the printing of the baud rate without having to specify a complete
//TOTALS switch.
The default for network transfers is //BAUD, and //NOBAUD
otherwise.@

[*TE2]///[NO/]CONCAT@Do /[not/] concatenate input files./l/l
The //CONCATENATE switch controls whether or not multiple input
files are concatenated into one single output file or kept as
separate distinct output files. //CONCATENATE directs NIP to
combine multiple input files into a single output file.
//NOCONCATENATE directs NIP to keep the input files distinct
in separate output files.
The default is //NOCONCATENATE.@

[*TE2]//CRLF:nnn@Issue free carriage-return line-feeds./l/l
The //CRLF switch controls the generation of free carriage-return
line-feeds if the ASCII line width exceeds "nnn" columns.
//CRLF:nnn directs NIP to start a new line (issue a free
carriage-return line-feed) if the accumulated line width
of the current line exceeds "nnn" characters. If "nnn"
is 0 then no free carriage-return line-feeds will be issued.
The default is //CRLF:0.@

[*TE2]///[NO/]CSN@Do /[not/] generate card sequence numbers./l/l
The //CSN switch controls the generation or suppression of
card sequence numbers. //CSN directs NIP to supply incremental
card sequence numbers to each line ("record") within the file
data stream. //NOCSN directs NIP to suppress card sequence numbers.
The default is //NOCSN.@

[*TE2]//CSNCOL:nnn@Sets the starting column for CSNs./l/l
The //CSNCOLUMN switch is used in conjunction with the //CSN switch
to control the generation of card sequence numbers.
//CSNCOLUMN:nnn specifies the starting column for the generation
of card sequence numbers.
The default is //CSNCOLUMN:72.@

[*TE2]//CSNINC:nnn@Sets the CSN incremental value./l/l
The //CSNINCREMENT switch is used in conjunction with the //CSN switch
to control the generation of card sequence numbers.
//CSNINCREMENT:nnn specifies the incremental value to be added to
each succesive card sequence number (the "nnn" is also the first card
sequence number).
The default is //CSNINCREMENT:1.@

[*TE2]//CSNWID:nnn@Sets the width of the CSNs./l/l
The //CSNWIDTH switch is used in conjunction with the //CSN switch
to control the generation of card sequence numbers.
//CSNWIDTH:nnn specifies the width (number of digits) of each card
sequence number.
The default is //CSNWIDTH:8.@

[*TE2]///[NO/]EBCDIC@Indicates that the character data is /[not/] EBCDIC./l/l
The //EBCDIC switch is used to control the translation of ASCII data to
or from EBCDIC data (depending on whether the //EBCDIC switch is used on
the output or input file respectively). //EBCDIC indicates that ASCII
data should be translated in EBCDIC data. //NOEBCDIC indicates that no
translation of ASCII data into EBCDIC data should be performed. If any
character-oriented processing of the data is to be performed (such as
manipulating "CSN's", "WRAPping" of lines, etc.) then EBCDIC data must
first be translated into ASCII data.
The default is //NOEBCDIC.@

[*TE2]//FLAG:(UPPER,LOWER)@Flag upper or lower case characters./l/l
The //FLAG switch controls the "flagging" of certain ASCII characters.
//FLAG:UPPER directs NIP to flag upper case alphabetic ASCII
characters. //FLAG:LOWER directs NIP to flag lower case alphabetic
ASCII characters. A character is "flagged" by preceding the character
with a single quote character ("'").
The default is //FLAG:NONE.@

[*TE2]///[NO/]LSN@Do /[not/] generate ASCII line sequence numbers./l/l
The //LSN switch controls the generation or suppression of
line sequence numbers. //LSN directs NIP to supply incremental
line sequence numbers to each line ("record") within the file
data stream. //NOLSN directs NIP to suppress line sequence numbers.
The default is //NOLSN.@

[*TE2]///[NO/]LSNCON@Do /[not/] reset LSNs on page boundry./l/l
The //LSNCONTINUOUS switch is used in conjunction with the //LSN
switch to control the generation of line sequence numbers.
//LSNCONTINUOUS directs NIP to ignore page boundries in ASCII files,
and just increment the line sequence number continuously for each
ASCII line of text.  //NOLSNCONTINUOUS directs NIP to reset the line
sequence number at each ASCII page boundry.
The default is //NOLSNCONTINUOUS.@

[*TE2]//LSNINC:nnn@Sets the LSN incremental value./l/l
The //LSNINCREMENT switch is used in conjunction with the //LSN
switch to control the generation of line sequence numbers.
//LSNINCREMENT:nnn sets the increment to be added to each successive
line sequence number (the "nnn" is also the first line sequence number).
The default is //LSNINCREMENT:10.@

[*TE2]///[NO/]NULLS@Do /[not/] preserve ASCII nulls./l/l
The //NULLS switch controls whether or not NIP will suppress or
preserve ASCII null characters. //NULLS directs NIP to preserve
ASCII nulls. //NONULLS directs NIP to suppress ASCII nulls.
The default is //NONULLS.@

[*TE2]///[NO/]SPACES@Do /[not/] convert tabs into spaces./l/l
The //SPACES switch controls whether or not NIP converts ASCII tab
characters into multiple spaces. //SPACES directs NIP to replace
ASCII tab characters with the corresponding number of space
characters. //NOSPACES directs NIP to not convert tabs into spaces.
The default is //NOSPACES.@

[*TE2]///[NO/]TABS@Do /[not/] convert spaces into tabs./l/l
The //TABS switch controls whether or not NIP converts multiple
ASCII space characters into tabs. //TABS directs NIP to convert
(and compress) multiple spaces into the corresponding number of
tabs. //NOTABS directs NIP to not convert spaces into tabs.
The default is //NOTABS.@

[*TE2]///[NO/]TRUNCA@Do /[not/] truncate trailing blanks./l/l
The //TRUNCATE switch controls whether or not trailing ASCII blanks
are suppressed (or truncated). //TRUNCATE directs NIP to suppress or
truncate trailing ASCII blanks (i.e., spaces and//or tabs).
//NOTRUNCATE directs NIP to not supppess trailing blanks.
The default is //NOTRUNCATE.@

[*TE2]//WRAP:nnn@Word-wrap ASCII line after "nnn" columns./l/l
The //WRAP switch controls the ASCII word-wrapper mechanism.
//WRAP:nnn directs NIP to issue a free carriage-return line-feed
at the first blank character after "nnn" columns of text. If "nnn"
is 0 then no word-wrapping is performed.
The default is WRAP:0.@


<
[*TP]3@1@[*HL3]DEFAULT Command/l@
The DEFAULT command is used to set or display various program defaults./l
/l
The DEFAULT command syntax is:/l
/l
	DEFAULT /[/<item/> /[/<value/>/]/] /<eol/>/l
/l
Where /<item/> is the program item
to be set or displayed; and /<value/> is the default value to be
assigned to /<item/>./l
/l
If no value is specified then the current default value (if any) for
the specified item is displayed./l
/l
There are no DEFAULT command-specific switches.

[*NOTE]Note@The DEFAULT command is not yet implemented@
>


[*TP]3@1@[*hl3]DDT Command/l@
The DDT command is used to enter DDT if it is loaded./l
/l
The DDT command syntax is:/l
/l
	DDT /<eol/>/l
/l
DDT is the program debugger, and is typically not loaded with the
standard system NFT, but only with a "private debugging" NFT. To
return from DDT-mode to NFT command mode, type /<ESC/>P (i.e., the
normal breakpoint procede command)./l
/l
There are no DDT command-specific switches./l


[*TP]3@1@[*hl3]DELETE Command/l@
The DELETE command is used to delete or destroy one or more
data files./l
/l
The DELETE command syntax is:/l
/l
	DELETE /<in-fil-expr/> /<eol/>/l
/l
Where /<in-fil-expr/> is the input or source file specification
expression which identifies the files to be deleted./l
/l
The input file specification expression is required and is defaulted
as specified below:/l
[*ls]
[*le]Node - Local host
[*le]Device - DSK: if local host, none if a remote node
[*le]Path - /[/] (no explicit path selected)
[*le]File Name - not defaulted - must be explicitly specified
[*le]File Type - not defaulted - must be explicitly specified
[*els]

There are no DELETE command-specific switches.


[*TP]3@1@[*HL3]DIRECT Command/l@
The DIRECT command is used to obtain a directory listing of one or
more files./l
/l
The DIRECT command syntax is:/l
/l
	DIRECT /[/<out-fil/> "="/] /<in-fil-expr/> /<eol/>/l
/l
Where /<out-fil/> is the simple output or listing file specification
(i.e., where the directory listing is made); and /<in-fil-expr/>
is the input or source file specification expression identifying
those files for whom a directory listing is desired./l
/l
Although by definition a listing file is required, the listing file
specification is optional. If no listing file specification is
provided then the directory listing will be directed to the job's
controlling terminal.  Listing file defaults are:/l
[*ls]
[*le]Node - Local host
[*le]Device - TTY: if no listing file is specified, DSK: otherwise
[*le]Path - /[/] (no explicit path selected)
[*le]File Name - a unique name will be generated
[*le]File Type - DIR
[*le]//IOMODE - ASCII
[*els]

The input file specification expression is required and is defaulted
as specified below:/l
[*ls]
[*le]Node - Local host
[*le]Device - DSK: if local host, none if a remote node
[*le]Path - /[/] (no explicit path selected)
[*le]File Name - *
[*le]File Type - *
[*els]

There are no DIRECT command-specific switches.


[*TP]3@1@[*HL3]EXIT Command/l@
The EXIT command is used to terminate NFT//NIP program execution and return
to monitor level./l
/l
The EXIT command syntax is:/l
/l
	EXIT /<eol/>/l
/l
The EXIT command takes no command arguments./l
/l
There are no EXIT command-specific switches.


[*TP]3@1@[*hl3]HELP Command/l@
The HELP command is used to obtain helpful information pertaining
to the NIP-mode operation of NFT./l
/l
The HELP command syntax is:/l
/l
	HELP /[/<command/> /[/<switch/>/]/] /<eol/>/L
/l
Where /<command/> is a valid NIP mode command name; and
/<switch/> is a valid command switch for the specified command name./l
/l
If no /<command/> is provided, then a general terse description
of NIP operation is given, followed by a listing of each command
available./l
/l
If /<command/> is given then a general terse description of
the specific command operation is given, followed by a listing of
each command switch available./l
/l
If /<command/> /<switch/> is given then a general terse description
of the specific command switch is given, possibly followed by
a listing of legal command switch arguments if appropriate./l
/l
There are no HELP command-specific switches.

[*NOTE]Note@The HELP command does not yet accept the
/[/<command/> /[/<switch/>/] /] construction.@


<
[*TP]3@1@[*HL3]MOVE command/l@
The MOVE command is used to move one or more data
files, optionally providing limited manipulation of the data
being copied./l
/l
The MOVE command syntax is:/l
/l
	MOVE /[/<out-fil/> "="/] /<in-fil-expr/> /<eol/>/l
/l
Where /<out-fil/> is the simple output or destination file specification;
and /<in-fil-expr/> is the input or source file specification expression./l
/l
The MOVE command is used to simply move the file rather than make a
new copy of the file. If possible the MOVE command is turned into
a RENAME command, saving the data copying operation
(and thus executing much faster). If it is not
possible to simply rename the selected file(s) to the specified
destination then the file(s) will be COPYed to the destination and
subsequently DELETEd from the source area./l
/l
If any data processing switches are specified (such as
card or line sequence number generation or suppression)
then the file(s) will always be COPYed and
DELETEd./l
/l
Although by definition an output file is required, the output file
specification is optional. If no output file specification is
provided then the output file specification is defaulted completely
as described below.  Output file defaults are:/l
[*ls]
[*le]Node - Local host
[*le]Device - DSK: if local host, none if a remote node
[*le]Path - /[/] (no explicit path selected)
[*le]File Name - * (filled in from matching input file name)
[*le]File Type - * (filled in from matching input file type)
[*le]//IOMODE - determined by data type from input file
[*els]

The input file specification expression is required and is defaulted
as specified below:/l
[*ls]
[*le]Node - Local host
[*le]Device - DSK: if local host, none if a remote node
[*le]Path - /[/] (no explicit path selected)
[*le]File Name - *
[*le]File Type - *
[*le]//IOMODE - determined by file creation mode, default is ASCII
[*els]

The MOVE command-specific switches are the same as for the COPY command.

[*NOTE]Note@The MOVE command is not yet implemented@
>


[*TP]3@1@[*HL3]NETWORK Command/l@
The NETWORK command is used to display information about network nodes./l
/l
The NETWORK command syntax is:/l
/l
	NETWORK	/<in-fil-expr/> /<eol/>/l
/l
Where /<in-fil-expr/> is the input node specification. Although full file
expressions are accepted, only the node name(s) has any semantic meaning
to the NETWORK command./l
/l
There are no NETWORK command-specific switches.

[*TP]3@1@[*HL3]PRINT Command/l@
The PRINT command is used to print files onto a line printer
via the system line printer spooling facilities./l
/l
The PRINT command syntax is:/l
/l
	PRINT	/<in-fil-expr/> /<eol/>/l
/l
Where /<in-fil-expr/> is the input or source file specification expression./l
/l
The actual operation of the PRINT command is dependent on the
actual operating system which executes the command, and has no
intrinsic relation to the system from which the command was issued.
For either the TOPS-10 or TOPS-20 operating system,
the PRINT command passes the selected file(s) to the
line printer spooler for execution as a print job exactly
as if PRINTed normally from the account specified in the //USERID
switch./l
/l
The input file specification expression is required and is defaulted
as specified below:/l
[*ls]
[*le]Node - Local host
[*le]Device - DSK: if local host, none if a remote node
[*le]Path - /[/] (no explicit path selected)
[*le]File Name - *
[*le]File Type - none
[*els]

There are no PRINT command-specific switches.


[*TP]3@1@[*hl3]RENAME Command/l@
The RENAME command is used to change the name or attribute information
of one or more files./l
/l
The RENAME command syntax is:/l
/l
	RENAME /<out-fil/> "=" /<in-fil-expr/> /<eol/>/l
/l
Where /<out-fil/> is the simple output or new file specification;
and /<in-fil-expr/> is the input or old file specification expression
which identifies the files to be renamed./l
/l
The output or new file defaults are:
[*ls]
[*le]Node - unchanged
[*le]Device - unchanged
[*le]Path - unchanged
[*le]File Name - unchanged
[*le]File Type - unchanged
[*els]

The input file specification expression is required and is defaulted
as specified below:/l
[*ls]
[*le]Node - Local host
[*le]Device - DSK: if local host, none if a remote node
[*le]Path - /[/] (no explicit path selected)
[*le]File Name - *
[*le]File Type - *
[*els]

There are no RENAME command-specific switches.


<
[*TP]3@1@[*HL3]REVIEW Command/l@
The REVIEW command is used to peruse a list of files, optionally
manipulating each selected file in its turn./l
/l
The REVIEW command syntax is:/l
/l
	REVIEW /[/<out-fil/> "="/] /<in-fil-expr/> /<eol/>/l
/l
Where /<out-fil/> is the simple output or destination file specification;
and /<in-fil-expr/> is the input or source file specification expression./l
/l
The REVIEW command selects individual input files in much the same
way as the COPY or DIRECT commands do, but performs no automatic
action once a file has been selected. Rather, NIP will list the
file selected (much as if //QUERY:ASK had also been specified),
and then prompt for a specific file action command./l
/l
The REVIEW command file action commands are:
[*ls]
[*le]ATTRIBUTES - List the current file's attributes
[*le]COPY - Copy the current file
[*le]DELETE - Delete the current file
[*le]EDIT - Edit the current file
[*le]GLANCE - Glance at (type first 8 lines of) the current file
[*le]KILL - Delete (trying really hard) the current file
[*le]PRINT - Print the current file (on a line printer)
[*le]RENAME - Rename the current file
[*le]SUBMIT - Submit the current file
[*le]TYPE - Type the current file
[*els]

The COPY, GLANCE,  RENAME, and TYPE file action commands accept an optional
file specification to be used as the "output" file specification; if
none is typed then the output file specification from the REVIEW
command (if any) is used./l
/l
If no output file specification is
provided then the output file specification is defaulted completely
as appropriate to the REVIEW subcommand: COPY defaults as in the
COPY command; GLANCE and TYPE defaults as in the TYPE command;
RENAME defaults as in the RENAME command.

The input file specification expression is required and is defaulted
as specified below:/l
[*ls]
[*le]Node - Local host
[*le]Device - DSK: if local host, none if a remote node
[*le]Path - /[/] (no explicit path selected)
[*le]File Name - *
[*le]File Type - *
[*le]//IOMODE - determined by file creation mode, default is ASCII
[*els]

There are no REVIEW command-specific switches.

[*NOTE]Note@The REVIEW command is not yet implemented@
>


[*TP]3@1@[*HL3]SUBMIT Command/l@
The SUBMIT command is used to execute command files via a command
interpreter or batch processing facility./l
/l
The SUBMIT command syntax is:/l
/l
	SUBMIT	/<in-fil-expr/> /<eol/>/l
/l
Where /<in-fil-expr/> is the input or source file specification expression./l
/l
The actual operation of the SUBMIT command is dependent on the
actual operating system which executes the command, and has no
intrinsic relation to the system from which the command was issued.
For either the TOPS-10 or TOPS-20 operating system,
the SUBMIT command passes the selected file(s) to the
batch processing facility for execution as a batch job exactly
as if submitted normally from the account specified in the //USERID
switch (SUBMIT is normally illegal if no //USERID has been given)./l
/l
There is no output file specification, any "log" files or the like
are generated in accordance with whatever rules are in effect on the
remote system which "executes" the SUBMIT command./l
/l
The input file specification expression is required and is defaulted
as specified below:/l
[*ls]
[*le]Node - Local host
[*le]Device - DSK: if local host, none if a remote node
[*le]Path - /[/] (no explicit path selected)
[*le]File Name - *
[*le]File Type - CTL
[*els]

There are no SUBMIT command-specific switches.


[*TP]3@1@[*HL3]TLINK Command/l@
The TLINK command is used to establish a terminal to terminal "link"
for the exchange of ASCII characters./l
/l
The TLINK command syntax is:/l
/l
	TLINK /[/<out-fil/> "="/] /<in-fil-expr/> /<eol/>/l
/l
Where /<out-fil/> is the simple output or destination terminal specification;
and /<in-fil-expr> is the input or source terminal specification expression./l
/l
The TLINK command is identical to a TSC command, followed by a TSC-mode
TLINK command (see section 3.4.3 for a detailed description of the TLINK
command). It is provided in NIP mode solely as a convenience.


[*TP]3@1@[*HL3]TYPE Command/l@
The TYPE command is used to type or print one or more files onto
/[typically/] the job's controlling terminal./l
/l
The TYPE command syntax is:/l
/l
	TYPE /[/<out-fil/> "="/] /<in-fil-expr/> /<eol/>/l
/l
Where /<out-fil/> is the simple output or destination file specification;
and /<in-fil-expr/> is the input or source file specification expression./l
/l
Although by definition an output file is required, the output file
specification is optional. If no output file specification is
provided then the output file specification is defaulted completely
as described below.  Output file defaults are:/l
[*ls]
[*le]Node - Local host
[*le]Device - TTY:
[*le]Path - /[/] (no explicit path selected)
[*le]File Name - * (filled in from matching input file name)
[*le]File Type - * (filled in from matching input file type)
[*le]//IOMODE - ASCII
[*LE]Switches - //ARROW//BYTESIZE:7//NOTOTALS
[*els]

The input file specification expression is required and is defaulted
as specified below:/l
[*ls]
[*le]Node - Local host
[*le]Device - DSK: if local host, none if a remote node
[*le]Path - /[/] (no explicit path selected)
[*le]File Name - *
[*le]File Type - *
[*le]//IOMODE - ASCII
[*els]

The TYPE command is essentially equivilent to a COPY command
to device TTY:, with a default of //ASCII//ARROW//BYTESIZE:7//NOTOTALS./l
/l
The TYPE command-specific switches are the same as for the COPY command.


[*TP]3@1@[*HL3]DDELETE Command/l@
The DDELETE command is a special DAP-mode variant of the more general
DELETE command./l
/l
The DDELETE command syntax is:/l
/l
	DDELETE /<in-fil/> /<eol/>/l
/l
Where /<in-fil/> is the simple input file specification./l
/l
The DDELETE command may be used in place of the DELETE command when
exactly one simple file specification is used, and exactly one
remote node is specified (no node wildcards). Under these circumstances
(for the time being) the DDELETE command may execute much faster
than the more general DELETE command.


[*TP]3@1@[*HL3]DDIRECT Command/l@
The DDIRECT command is a special DAP-mode variant of the more general
DIRECT command./l
/l
The DDIRECT command syntax is:/l
/l
	DDIRECT /[/<out-fil/> "="/] /<in-fil/> /<eol/>/l
/l
Where /<out-fil/> is the simple output file specification; and
/<in-fil/> is the simple input file specification./l
/l
The DDIRECT command may be used in place of the DIRECT command when
exactly one simple input file specification is used, and exactly one
remote node is specified (no node wildcards). Under these circumstances
(for the time being) the DDIRECT command may execute much faster
than the more general DIRECT command.


[*TP]3@1@[*HL3]DRENAME Command/l@
The DRENAME command is a special DAP-mode variant of the more general
RENAME command./l
/l
The DRENAME command syntax is:/l
/l
	DRENAME /[/<out-fil/> "="/] /<in-fil/> /<eol/>/l
/l
Where /<out-fil/> is the simple output file specification; and
/<in-fil/> is the simple input file specification./l
/l
The DRENAME command may be used in place of the RENAME command when
exactly one simple input file specification is used, and exactly one
remote node is specified (no node wildcards). Under these circumstances
(for the time being) the DRENAME command may execute much faster
than the more general RENAME command.


[*TP]3@1@[*HL3]DSUBMIT Command/l@
The DSUBMIT command is a special DAP-mode variant of the more general
SUBMIT command./l
/l
The DSUBMIT command syntax is:/l
/l
	DSUBMIT /<in-fil/> /<eol/>/l
/l
Where /<in-fil/> is the simple input file specification./l
/l
The DSUBMIT command may be used in place of the SUBMIT command when
exactly one simple file specification is used, and exactly one
remote node is specified (no node wildcards). Under these circumstances
(for the time being) the DSUBMIT command may execute much faster
than the more general SUBMIT command.


[*TP]3@1@[*HL3]FAL Command/l@
The FAL command switches NFT into FAL mode./l
/l
The FAL command syntax is:/l
/l
	FAL /<eol/>/l
/l
See section 3.2 for a description of FAL operation./l
/l
There are no FAL command-specific switches.


[*TP]3@1@[*HL3]TSC Command/l@
The TSC command switches NFT into TSC mode./l
/l
The TSC command syntax is:/l
/l
	TSC /<eol/>/L
/l
See section 3.3 for a description of TSC operation./l
/l
There are no TSC command-specific switches.


[*PG][*HL2]FAL Mode Operation@
FAL (File Access Listener) is the NFT mode which provides
the slave processing which enables remote network processes
to gain access to the local TOPS-10 file system./l
/l
At least one FAL process must be running on each network
node in order for that node's file system to be accessible
from the rest of the distributed network./l
/l
FAL mode is entered via the "FAL" command to NFT. FAL
must run as a system-privileged process (i.e., as the OPR
account)./l
/l
FAL commands are:/l
[*ls]
[*le]HELP - provide helpful text on FAL operation
[*le]NETPPN - set default "NETPPN"
[*le]REJECT - reject incoming requests from specified nodes
[*le]START - start FAL I//O streams
[*le]NIP - enter NIP mode
[*le]TSC - enter TSC mode
[*els]


[*TP]3@1@[*hl3]HELP Command/l@
The HELP command is used to obtain helpful information pertaining
to the FAL-mode operation of NFT./L
/l
The HELP command syntax is:/l
/l
	HELP /[/<command/>/] /<eol/>/L
/l
Where /<command/> is a valid FAL mode command name./l
/l
If no /<command/> is provided, then a general terse description
of FAL operation is given, followed by a listing of each command
available./l
/l
If /<command/> is given then a general terse description of
the specific command operation is given, followed by a listing of
each command switch available./l
/l
There are no HELP command-specific switches.

[*NOTE]Note@The HELP command does not yet accept the
/[/<command> /[/<switch/>/] /] construction.@


<
[*TP]3@1@[*HL3]KILL Command/l@
The KILL command is used to kill or abort an active I//O stream
prematurely./l
/l
The KILL command syntax is:/l
/l
	KILL /<stream-list/> /<eol/>/L
/L
Where /<stream-list/> specifies the I//O stream(s) to be aborted./l
/l
The KILL command immediately and forcibly terminates the specified
I//O stream(s). No warning is given to the remote "active" accessing
process. The effect on the I//O stream (if any) is the same as if
the job were to execute a "RESET" - any file OPEN for input is closed;
any file OPEN for output is aborted.
>


<
[*TP]3@1@[*hl3]SHOW Command/l@
The SHOW command is used to obtain a listing of the currently
active I//O streams under FAL's control./l
/l
The SHOW command syntax is:/l
/l
	SHOW /<stream-list/> /<eol/>/L
/L
Where /<stream-list/> specifies the I//O stream(s) to be listed./l
/l
The SHOW command types out a quick summary of all currently active
I//O streams selected, as well as any quiescent I//O streams
selected (a quiescent
I//O stream is one which has not yet been connected to a remote
active file accessor). If not /<stream-list/> is provided then
all possible I//O streams are assumed.
The actual file I//O (file name, passwords,
etc.) is not listed, only the logical I//O streams are shown.
>


<
[*TP]3@1@[*HL3]SHUTDOWN Command/l@
The SHUTDOWN command is used to cease FAL-based I//O operations
in an orderly fashion./l
/l
The SHUTDOWN command syntax is:/l
/l
	SHUTDOWN /<stream-list/> /<eol/>/L
/L
Where /<stream-list/> identifies the I//O stream(s) to be shutdown./l
/l
The SHUTDOWN command immediately aborts and terminates all quiescent
I//O streams selected. All currently active I//O streams selected
are marked for
termination when the remote active process releases control of the
DAP link, but are otherwise unaffected. If /<stream-list/> is
not specified then all known I//O streams are assumed.
>


[*TP]3@1@[*hl3]NETPPN Command/l@
The NETPPN command is used to set the default network access ppn./l
/l
The NETPPN command syntax is:/l
/l
	NETPPN /<ppn/> /<eol/>/l
/l
Where /<ppn/> specifies the project-programmer number./l
/l
The default network access ppn is used by FAL for file access validation
when the remote accessor does not specify a USERID. This facility allows
remote accessors to gain some degree of access to the local file system
without requiring a valid account (to, e.g., read sufficiently
unprotected files). If /<ppn/> is blank then no default access ppn is
provided and only valid accounts may gain access to the file system.


[*TP]3@1@[*hl3]REJECT Command/l@
The REJECT command is used to specify nodes and//or accounts which
will not be accepted by FAL./l
/l
The REJECT command syntax is:/l
/l
	REJECT /<in-fil-list/> /<eol/>/l
/l
Where /<in-file-list/> is the list of nodes and//or accounts which will
always be rejected by FAL./l
/l
The REJECT command allows for the selective unconditional rejection of
"undesirable" remote file access requests based on the remote USERID
and//or remote node. The /<in-fil-list/> is a list of "file specifications"
of which only the node and directory (ppn) names have a valid semantic
meaning (i.e., the file name, while syntactically accepted, is ignored).
If only a node is specified, then all access requests from that node
will be rejected; if only a directory (ppn) is specified then all
access requests whose USERID matches the directory will be rejected;
if both a node and directory are specified then all access requests
by the specified USERID on the specified node will be rejected (but
that USERID is still valid from other nodes)./l

[*note]Note@Currently, only one REJECT command is allowed, all desired
rejection specifications must be specified in the same REJECT command.
A second (or further) REJECT command will override any previous REJECT
command in effect.@


[*TP]3@1@[*hl3]START Command/l@
The START command is used to startup FAL's I//O streams to allow
remote file access./l
/l
The START command syntax is:/l
/l
	START /<ntyp/> /<eol/>/L
/l
Where /<ntyp/> is either "ANF" or "DECNET"./l
/L
The START command directs FAL to start "FALling", i.e., to initiate
a quiescent I//O stream so that remote file accessors may gain entry
into the local file system. The START command does not actually start
any I//O, it merely enables the FAL process to receive and act upon
remote file access requests.


[*TP]3@1@[*hl3]NIP Command/l@
The NIP command switches NFT into NIP mode./l
/l
The NIP command syntax is:/l
/l
	NIP /<eol/>/l
/l
The NIP command is illegal if any I//O streams are outstanding./l
/l
See section 3.1 for a description of NIP operation.


[*TP]3@1@[*hl3]TSC Command/l@
The TSC command switches NFT into TSC mode./l
/l
The TSC command syntax is:/l
/l
	TSC /<eol/>/L
/L
The TSC command is illegal if any I//O streams are outstanding./l
/l
See section 3.4 for a description of TSC operation.


[*PG][*HL2]TSC Mode Operation@
TSC (Terminal Service Controller) mode provides a
data link using an asychronous terminal line./l
/l
TSC provides a data path analguous to a network
logical link, but using a regular 8-bit asychronous communications
line (a "TTY") rather than a formal network link. TSC
provides all network management for the async link./l
/l
The async link can be used either as a terminal line or as
a file data path into the remote system./l
/l
When the async link is being used as a terminal line the user's
controlling terminal is effectively routed directly into the
async line - TSC (and the TOPS-10 monitor) act solely as
an expensive null modem./l
/l
When the async link is being used as a file data path the
user can transfer, rename, and delete data files on the remote
computer system, as well as obtaining directory listings of
files resident on the remote system./l
/l
The async link can be used as a file data path only with
other TOPS-10 or TOPS-20 operating systems./l
/l
TSC commands are:/l
[*ls]
[*le]BOOT - bootstrap a TSC file server to the remote system
[*le]HANGUP - hangup and terminate dataset terminal link
[*le]HELP - provide helpful text on TSC operation
[*le]TLINK - establish a terminal link
[*le]TTY - enter into terminal dialoge mode
[*le]NIP - enter NIP mode
[*le]FAL - enter FAL mode
[*els]

[*NOTE]Note@The "file mode" usage of TSC is not yet implemented, only
the "terminal mode" commands work.@


[*TP]3@1@[*hl3]HANGUP Command/l@
The HANGUP command is used to terminate the dataset terminal
link by "hanging up" the phone./l
/l
The HANGUP command syntax is:/l
/l
	HANGUP /<eol/>/L
/L
The HANGUP command causes the phone to hangup, thereby terminating
the dataset terminal link. After the HANGUP command has been issued
the dataset terminal is released.


[*TP]3@1@[*hl3]HELP Command/l@
The HELP command is used to obtain helpful information pertaining
to the TSC-mode operation of NFT./l
/l
The HELP command syntax is:/l
/l
	HELP /[/<command/>/] /<eol/>/L
/l
Where /<command/> is a valid TSC mode command name./L
/l
If no /<command/> is provided, then a general terse description
of TSC operation is given, followed by a listing of each command
available./l
/l
If /<command/> is given then a general terse description of
the specific command operation is given, followed by a listing of
each command switch available./l
/l
There are no HELP command-specific switches.

[*NOTE]Note@The HELP command does not yet accept the
/[/<command/> /[/<switch/>/] /] construction.@


[*TP]3@1@[*HL3]TLINK Command/l@
The TLINK command is used to establish a /[dataset/] terminal link
with another computer system./l
/l
The TLINK command syntax is:/l
/l
	TLINK /[/<out-fil/> "="/] /<in-fil-expr/> /<eol/>/l
/l
Where /<out-fil/> is the simple output or destination terminal specification;
and /<in-fil-expr> is the input or source terminal specification expression./l
/l
The /<in-fil/> file specification is required. A terminal must be
specified as the device. Any directory, file name, or file type
are ignored./l
/l
The TLINK command OPENs the specified terminal in special "packed
image mode" I//O data mode. The TLINK command does not itself
perform any terminal I//O, it merely establishes the terminal
link. Actual terminal I//O must be initiated via further
TSC commands./L
/L
If the terminal is a dataset terminal
with dialout capability, and the user supplied a //DIAL:nnn switch
with the /<in-fil/> specification, then TSC will place an
outgoing call on the dataset phone. When the call completes
successfully control is returned to TSC ready for terminal I//O.
If the call does not complete successfully then the dataset
is released before returning control to TSC./L


[*TP]3@1@[*hl3]TTY Command/l@
The TTY command places TSC into terminal dialoge mode using the
async terminal link./l
/l
The TTY command syntax is:/l
/l
	TTY /<eol/>/L
/L
The TTY command is valid only after a terminal link has been established
with a "remote system"./l
/l
Terminal dialoge mode effectively links the user's terminal directly
into the async terminal link path, providing a transparent terminal
connection to the remote system./l
/l
All characters except ^S, ^Q, and ^/\ are sent directly to the remote
terminal line; all characters received from the remote terminal line
are sent directly to the users terminal./l
/l
The XOFF//XON (^S//^Q) protocol is obeyed with respect to the user's
command terminal./l
/l
The ^/\ character is the escape character which will return to normal
command mode.


[*TP]3@1@[*hl3]NIP Command/l@
The NIP command switches NFT into NIP mode./l
/l
The NIP command syntax is:/l
/l
	NIP /<eol/>/L
/L
The NIP command is illegal if a dataset terminal link is currently
active./l
/l
See section 3.1 for a description of NIP operation.


[*TP]3@1@[*HL3]FAL Command/l@
The FAL command switches NFT into FAL mode./l
/l
The FAL command syntax is:/l
/l
	FAL /<eol/>/L
/L
The FAL command is illegal if a dataset terminal link is currently
active./l
/l
See section 3.2 for a description of FAL operation.

[*PG]
[*HL1]Compatibility@
[*HL2]Where Compatible@
NFT will be generally compatible with native TOPS-10 command
syntax, and command conventions such as SWITCH.INI options defaulting./l
/l
NFT will be compatible with all TOPS-10 file formats./l
/l
NFT will be compatible with all Digital Equipment Corporation
ASCII file formats./l
/l
NFT will be compatible with DECnet DAP 6.0.

[*HL2]Where Incompatible@
The command syntax used by NFT is not necessarily compatible
with corresponding command syntax used in the local operating and
file systems implicitly accessed by NFT. In particular, the
syntactical definition of a file specification accepted by NFT
may not match that of the various non-TOPS-10 file systems./l
/l
The command syntax used by NFT is not compatible with DCLS (DEC
Command Language Standard).

[*PG]
<[*HL1]External Interactions and Impact@
See the DECnet-10 product specification.

[*HL1]Reliability, Availability, and Serviceability@
See the DECnet-10 product specification.
>
[*HL1]Packaging and System Generation@
NFT-10 will be bundled with DECnet-10.
<
[*HL1]Documentation@
See the DECnet-10 product specification.
>
[*HL1]References@
DECnet Product Plan/L
/L
DAP 6.0 Functional Specification

[*ax]A@Syntax@

This section formally defines the command syntax for NFT as a
whole, and for "canonical" file specifications in particular.

[*hl1]Description@
The following syntactical definition is a variation of the
traditional "BNF" construction, as follows:/l
/l
[*table2][email protected]@[*IVTB][email protected]@[email protected]@
[*te2]Construct/c@Meaning/f/f/f/f/f/f/f/f/f/f/c@
/l
[*te2]ASCII-ooo/c@The ASCII character whose octal representation
in the ASCII collating sequence is "ooo". This is the axiomatic
foundation of the entire syntactical definition.@
/l
[*te2]@A blank space has no intrinsic meaning to the syntactical
definition, it is used merely to make the definition more readable.@
/l
[*te2]" xxx "/c@The construction "xxx" enclosed within the
quotes is to be taken literally as specified.@
/l
[*te2]/< xxx />/c@The enclosed construction "xxx" is a single
"elementary" syntactical item. If the construction is in lower
case then the item is generic in nature. If the construction
is in upper case then the item is specific in nature.@
/l
[*te2]/[ xxx /]/c@The enclosed construction "xxx" is optional.
The construction may be omitted, or it may be specified exactly once.@
/l
[*te2]/[/[ xxx /]/]/c@The enclosed construction "xxx" is optional, and
may be iterated indefinitely.@
/l
[*te2]n * /[/[ xxx /]/]/c@The enclosed construction "xxx" is optional,
and may be iterated up to "n" times.@
/l
[*te2]|/c@The exclusive-or operator; "|" is used to separate two or
more constructions of which exactly one must be choosen.@
/l
[*te2]/+/c@The inclusive-or operator; "/+" is used to separate two
or more constructions of which any combination may be chosen (the
exact order is not relevant).@

[*hl1]Formal Syntactical Definition@
/<ctlchr/> ::=	ASCII-000 | ASCII-001 | ASCII-002 | ASCII-003 |/L
		ASCII-004 | ASCII-005 | ASCII-006 | ASCII-007 |/L
		ASCII-010 | ASCII-011 | ASCII-012 | ASCII-013 |/L
		ASCII-014 | ASCII-015 | ASCII-016 | ASCII-017 |/L
		ASCII-020 | ASCII-021 | ASCII-022 | ASCII-023 |/L
		ASCII-024 | ASCII-025 | ASCII-026 | ASCII-027 |/L
		ASCII-030 | ASCII-031 | ASCII-032 | ASCII-033 |/L
		ASCII-034 | ASCII-035 | ASCII-036 | ASCII-037 |/L
		ASCII-177/L
/l
/<prtchr/> ::=	ASCII-040 | ASCII-041 | ASCII-042 | ASCII-043 |/L
		ASCII-044 | ASCII-045 | ASCII-046 | ASCII-047 |/L
		ASCII-050 | ASCII-051 | ASCII-052 | ASCII-053 |/L
		ASCII-054 | ASCII-055 | ASCII-056 | ASCII-057 |/L
		ASCII-060 | ASCII-061 | ASCII-062 | ASCII-063 |/L
		ASCII-064 | ASCII-065 | ASCII-066 | ASCII-067 |/L
		ASCII-070 | ASCII-071 | ASCII-072 | ASCII-073 |/L
		ASCII-074 | ASCII-075 | ASCII-076 | ASCII-077 |/L
		ASCII-100 | ASCII-101 | ASCII-102 | ASCII-103 |/L
		ASCII-104 | ASCII-105 | ASCII-106 | ASCII-107 |/L
		ASCII-110 | ASCII-111 | ASCII-112 | ASCII-113 |/L
		ASCII-114 | ASCII-115 | ASCII-116 | ASCII-117 |/L
		ASCII-120 | ASCII-121 | ASCII-122 | ASCII-123 |/L
		ASCII-124 | ASCII-125 | ASCII-126 | ASCII-127 |/L
		ASCII-130 | ASCII-131 | ASCII-132 | ASCII-133 |/L
		ASCII-134 | ASCII-135 | ASCII-136 | ASCII-137 |/L
		ASCII-140 | ASCII-141 | ASCII-142 | ASCII-143 |/L
		ASCII-144 | ASCII-145 | ASCII-146 | ASCII-147 |/L
		ASCII-150 | ASCII-151 | ASCII-152 | ASCII-153 |/L
		ASCII-154 | ASCII-155 | ASCII-156 | ASCII-157 |/L
		ASCII-160 | ASCII-161 | ASCII-162 | ASCII-163 |/L
		ASCII-164 | ASCII-165 | ASCII-166 | ASCII-167 |/L
		ASCII-170 | ASCII-171 | ASCII-172 | ASCII-173 |/L
		ASCII-174 | ASCII-175 | ASCII-176/L
/l
/<char/> ::=	/<ctlchr/> | /<prtchr/>/l
/l
/<TAB/> ::=	ASCII-011/L
/L
/<LF/> ::=		ASCII-012/L
/L
/<VT/> ::=		ASCII-013/L
/L
/<FF/> ::=		ASCII-014/L
/L
/<CR/> ::=		ASCII-015/L
/L
/<XON/> ::=	ASCII-021/L
/L
/<XOFF/> ::=	ASCII-023/L
/l
/<CTRL-V/> ::=	ASCII-026/L
/l
/<CTRL-Z/> ::=	ASCII-032/L
/L
/<ESC/> ::=	ASCII-033/L
/L
/<SPACE/> ::=	ASCII-040/L
/l
/<QUOTE/> ::=	ASCII-042/L
/l
/<blank/> ::=	(/<SPACE/> | /<TAB/>) /[/[/<SPACE/> | /<TAB/>/]/]/L
/l
/<eol/> ::=	/<LF/> | /<VT/> | /<FF/> | /<CTRL-Z/> | /<ESC/>/L
/l
/<letter/> ::=	"A" | "B" | "C" | "D" | "E" | "F" | "G" | "H" |/L
		"I" | "J" | "K" | "L" | "M" | "N" | "O" | "P" |/L
		"Q" | "R" | "S" | "T" | "U" | "V" | "W" | "X" |/L
		"Y" | "Z" | "a" | "b" | "c" | "d" | "e" | "f" |/l
		"g" | "h" | "i" | "j" | "k" | "l" | "m" | "n" |/l
		"o" | "p" | "q" | "r" | "s" | "t" | "u" | "v" |/l
		"w" | "x" | "y" | "z"/l
/l
/<digit/> ::=	"0" | "1" | "2" | "3" | "4" | "5" | "6" | "7" |/l
		"8" | "9"/l
/l
/<octdgt/> ::=	"0" | "1" | "2" | "3" | "4" | "5" | "6" | "7"/l
/l
/<decdgt/> ::=	/<octdgt/> | "8" | "9"/l
/l
/<hexdgt/> ::=	/<decdgt/> | "A" | "B" | "C" | "D" | "E" | "F"/L
/l
/<sign/> ::=	"+" | "-"/l
/l
/<comment/> ::=	(";" | "!") /[/[/<prtchr/>/]/]/l
/l
/<cmdlin/> ::=	/[/[ /[/<cmdnam/> /[/[/<arg/>/]/] /[/["-" /[/<comment/>/] /<eol/>/]/]/l
		/[/[/<arg/>/]/] /[/<comment/>/] /] /]/] /<eol/>/l
/l
/<arg/> ::=	/<prtchr/>/[/[/<prtchr/>/]/]/l
/l
/<octnum/> ::=	/<octdgt/>/[/[/<octdgt/>/]/]/l
/l
/<decnum/> ::=	/<decdgt/>/[/[/<decdgt/>/]/]/l
/l
/<hexnum/> ::=	/<hexdgt/>/[/[/<hexdgt/>/]/]/l
/l
/<octval/> ::=	/[/<sign/>/]/<octnum/>/l
/l
/<decval/> ::=	/[/<sign/>/]/<decnum/>/l
/l
/<hexval/> ::=	/[/<sign/>/]/<hexnum/>/l
/l
/<namchr/> ::=	/<letter/> | /<digit/> | "-" | /<CTRL-V/>/<prtchr/>/l
/l
/<name/> ::=	(/<namchr/>/[/[/<namchr/>/]/]) |/l
		(/<QUOTE/>/<prtchr/>/[/[/<prtchr/>/]/]/<QUOTE/>)/l
/l
/<cmdnam/> ::=	/<name/>/l
/l
/<nodnam/> ::=	/<name/>/l
/l
/<devnam/> ::=	/<name/>/l
/l
/<dirnam/> ::=	/<name/>/l
/l
/<projno/> ::=	/<octnum/>/l
/l
/<progno/> ::=	/<octnum/>/l
/l
/<filnam/> ::=	/<name/>/l
/l
/<typnam/> ::=	/<name/>/l
/l
/<genval/> ::=	/<decval/>/l
/l
/<swtnam/> ::=	/<name/>/l
/l
/<swtarg/> ::=	/<arg/>/l
/l
/<nod-spec/> ::=	/<nodnam/>("::" | "_")/l
/l
/<dev-spec/> ::=	/<devnam/>":"/l
/l
/<dir-spec/> ::=	"/[" (/<dirnam/>/[/[("."|",")/<dirnam/>/]/]) |/l
		(/[/<projno/>/]","/[/<progno/>/]/[/[("."|",")/<dirnam/>/]/]) "/]"/l
/l
/<nam-spec/> ::=	/<filnam/>/l
/l
/<typ-spec/> ::=	"."/<typnam/>/[/<gen-spec/>/]/l
/l
/<gen-spec/> ::=	"."/<genval/>/l
/l
/<swt-spec/> ::=	"//"/<swtnam/>/[":"/<swtarg/>/]/l
/l
/<filopr/> ::=	"'AND'" | "'OR'" | "'NOT'" | "'IFAND'" | "'IFNOT'" |/L
		"'IFSAME'" | "'IFDIFFERENT'" | "'IFOLDER'" |/L
		"'IFNEWER'" | "'IFSMALLER'" | "'IFBIGGER'"/L
/l
/<naked-file-spec/> ::= /<nod-spec/> /+ /<dev-spec/> /+ /<dir-spec/> /+/l
		/<nam-spec/> /+ /<typ-spec/> /+ /<gen-spec/>/l
/l
/<file-spec/> ::= /<naked-file-spec/> /+ /[/[/<swt-spec/>/]/]/l
/l
/<file-expr/> ::= /<file-spec/> /[/[/<filopr/>/<file-spec/>/]/]/l
/l
/<file-expr-list/> ::= /<file-expr/> /[/[","/<file-expr/>/]/]/l


[*pg][*hl1]Commands@
The command syntax used by NFT, in all modes, is:/l
/l
/<command/> ::= /<cmdnam/> /[/[/<arg/>/]/] /<eol/>/l
/l
The command is read from the command input stream, which by
default is initially the user's command terminal. The user
can redirect the command input to any file system device which
can provide ASCII input data. This action is called command
indirection, and the file which contains the redirected ASCII
input data is called a command file./l
/l
Command indirection has two different modes of operation, depending
on how the user invokes the command file. In both cases a command
file is invoked by specifiying an atsign ("/@" character) in the
command stream, followed by the command file specification.
Formally:/l
/l
/<cmdfil/> ::= "/@" /<naked-file-spec/>/l
/l
A command file may be invoked anywhere within a command string
as long as the "/@" is not in some way quoted. In effect, the "/@"
and the following naked file specification (including the
final delimiter) act as a macro and are simply replaced verbatim
with the corresponding text (or "macro definition"). The "/@"
does however delimit the current name or "field" being parsed./l
/l
If the command file invocation is the first thing on the line then
the command stream is simply switched or "indirected" to the
specified file(s), and command processing procedes normally./l
/l
If the command file invocation follows the command name then
command processing enters locked mode, wherein the specified
command becomes locked and all subsequent command stream input
up to and including the end of the invoked command file is
considered to be part of one or more iterations of arguments
to the locked command./l
/l
This allows a list of files (contained in a command file) to be
manipulated as a whole rather than requiring a command to be
present on each separate line within the command file. For example,
assume that the command file "FILE.CCL"
contains the text "FILE.1, FILE.2, FILE.3". The sequence of
commands:/l
/l
/f/fRENAME *.*//PROTECTION:155 = /@FILE.CCL/L
/F/FCOPY MYCOPY.* = /@FILE.CCL/L
/F/FDELETE /@FILE.CCL/L
/l
would: first) protect the three files so that they could be read;
second) copy the files; and third) delete the original files.



[*ax]B@Standard File Switches@

This appendix describes the individual "standard" file-specific
switches supported by NFT-10./L
/L
Basically, a file-specific switch is a switch which is associated
with one particular file specification rather than with a command
as a whole. File-specific switches are broken down into two
classes: Control, and Qualifying.

[*PG][*hl1]Control Switches@
Control switches govern or control file access. Control switches
allow the user to specify or modify aspects of file access which
are not normally used./l
/l
Control switches are:/l


[*hl2]//ALLOCATE:size@
The //ALLOCATE switch is used to specify the physical file allocation./l
/l
//ALLOCATE accepts a single mandatory argument "size" which is the
file allocation in physical device blocks, expressed as a positive
decimal integer./l
/l
The //ALLOCATE switch indicates that the resultant file is to be
guaranteed a specified minimum allocation on the device media. If the
specified allocation is not available then an error indication is
given. Any "extra" blocks allocated at file close time are
not deallocated./l
/l
//ALLOCATE is meaningless on input files./l
/l
See also the //CONTIGUOUS and //ESTIMATE switches./l


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]///[NO/]APPEND@
The //APPEND switch is used to specify that an output file is to
be appended to its extant predecessor./l
/l
The //APPEND switch accepts no arguments./l
/l
//APPEND indicates that the output file data is to be appended to any
extant file of the same name rather than to overwrite or supersede
the "old" file. //NOAPPEND indicates that the output file data
is not to be appended to any extant file of the same name./l
/l
The //APPEND switch is meaningless for input files./l
/l
See also the //SUPERSEDE and //UPDATE switches.

[*NOTE]Note@The //APPEND switch is not yet implemented.@


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]//BLKSIZE:size@
The //BLKSIZE switch is used to specify the physical device
I//O data blocksize, which in turn specifies the minimum
I//O buffer size./l
/l
//BLKSIZE accepts a single mandatory argument "size" which is the
device blocksize, expressed in terms of physical frame bytes
(see also the //FRAMESIZE switch)./l
/l
The I//O data blocksize is the size of a single physical block
or record of data resident within the I//O device. A physical
block has no relation to a logical data record, it is solely
a product of how the device stores and retrieves data from its
media. Actual I//O is ultimately based on the physical device
blocksize, as a physical block is the minimum "unit" for an
I//O operation (i.e., any read or write must deal with at least
one full block). As such, specifying the blocksize also
specifies a minimum I//O buffer size./l
/l
Generally, larger blocksizes provide more efficient utilization
of the device media, but with a corresponding cost of requiring
larger I//O buffers. Not all devices support variable blocksizes -
DEC disks in particular typically have a fixed blocksize. Other
devices don't really have a blocksize at all - typical interactive
command terminals (such as a VT52 or VT100 for example) deal only
with individual data bytes.


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]//BUFFERS:count@
The //BUFFERS switch is used to specify the number of I//O buffers
to use for input and//or output from//to the I//O device./l
/l
//BUFFERS accepts a single mandatory argument "count" which is the
number of buffers to use for I//O, expressed as a positive decimal
integer./l
/l
Generally, specifying more buffers allows the file system to
more efficiently read//write the device media by "batching"
several distinct device blocks into one "scatter//gather" I//O operation.


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]//BYTESIZE:bits@
The //BYTESIZE switch is used to specify the logical data bytesize./l
/l
//BYTESIZE accepts a single mandatory argument "bits" which is the
size of an individual logical data byte in bits, expressed as a
positive decimal integer./l
/l
The //BYTESIZE switch is used to explicitly select the size of an
individual logical data byte independently of the file data mode, the
file I//O mode, and the physical frame size./l
/l
A logical data byte is the actual unit data element being manipulated.
For ASCII character data a logical data byte is one ASCII character,
typically 7 bits in size, but may be 8 bits, or even 36 bits. A
logical data byte is contained within a physical frame byte (see
//FRAMESIZE). The logical data byte should not be larger than
the frame size since information may be lost (the highorder bits
will be truncated to fit the framesize)./l
/l
See also //DATAMODE, //FRAMESIZE, and //IOMODE.


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]///[NO/]CONTIGUOUS@
The //CONTIGUOUS switch is used to specify that the file is to be created
contiguously on its media./l
/l
The //CONTIGUOUS switch accepts no arguments./l
/l
//CONTIGUOUS indicates that the file to be created should be created
contiguously on the device media - the file may not be fragmented nor may the
file allocation cross a volume boundary. If the file
cannot be created contiguously then an error indication is given.
//NOCONTIGUOUS indicates that the file does not need to be
created contiguously on the media (although it does not prevent the
file system from so doing)./l
/l
//CONTIGUOUS is meaningless for input files./l
/l
See also //ALLOCATE and //ESTIMATE./l


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]//DATAMODE:mode@
The //DATAMODE switch is used to specify the type of data being
manipulated./l
/l
//DATAMODE accepts a single mandatory argument "mode" which specifies
the type of data which makes up the file I//O stream. The legal
data types are:/l
[*ls]
[*le]ASCII
[*le]BINARY
[*le]IMAGE
[*els]

<See section xxx for a detailed definition of the various data types./l
/l>
The //DATAMODE switch is used to specify the actual data type which
constitutes the file I//O stream independently of the data bytesize,
framesize, and I//O mode selected./l
/l
See also the //BYTESIZE, //FRAMESIZE, and //IOMODE switches.


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]///[NO/]DELETE@
The ///[NO/]DELETE switch is used to /[not/] delete the specified
file when the file is logically CLOSEd./l
/l
The //DELETE switch accepts no arguments/l
/l
//DELETE says to delete the file when the file is CLOSEd (i.e., when
the access of the file is completed, be it a read or write operation);
//NODELETE says to not delete the file when the file is CLOSEd./l
/l
See also the //PRINT and //SUBMIT switches.


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]//DENSITY:bpi@
The //DENSITY switch is used to specify the tape density to be used
for magnetic tapes./l
/l
The //DENSITY switch accepts a single mandatory argument "bpi" which
is the recording density in "bits per inch", expressed as a keyword.
The legal tape densitys are:/l
[*ls]
[*le]200 - NRZI; 200 bits per inch
[*le]556 - NRZI; 556 bits per inch
[*le]800 - NRZI; 800 bits per inch
[*le]1600 - PE; 1600 bits per inch
[*le]6250 - PE; 6250 bits per inch
[*le]INSTALLATION - system default density
[*els]
Although the tape density may be specified for both input and output
files, some tape drives will automatically select the "correct" tape
density for reading based on the tape itself, effectively ignoring
any explicit selection by the user./l
/l
See also the //PARITY switch.


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]//ERSUPERSEDE@
The //ERSUPERSEDE switch is used to prevent the superseding of an existant
data file./l
/l
The //ERSUPERSEDE switch accepts no arguments./l
/l
//ERSUPERSEDE indicates that an error indication is to be given
and the file creation aborted when a file create operation would
supersede an extant file of the same name. //ERSUPERSEDE is
equivilent to //SUPERSEDE:NEVER./l
/l
//ERSUPERSEDE is meaningless on input files./l
/l
See also the //APPEND, //OKSUPERSEDE, and //SUPERSEDE switches./l


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]//ESTIMATE:size@
The //ESTIMATE switch is used to specify an initial file allocation
guideline./l
/l
//ESTIMATE accepts a single mandatory argument "size" which is the
file allocation in physical device blocks, expressed as a positive decimal
integer./l
/l
//ESTIMATE is useful for indicating the approximate size of a file
without committing the file to that size. If the resultant file
is smaller then any unused blocks will be deallocated at file close
time; if the resultant file is larger then extra blocks will be
allocated as they are needed. //ESTIMATE merely gives the file system
a chance to optimize the placement and allocation of the file on the
physical media./l
/l
//ESTIMATE is meaningless on input files./l
/l
See also //ALLOCATE and //CONTIGUOUS./l


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]//FIXED@
The //FIXED switch is used to specify fixed length records, and is
shorthand for (identical to) //RECFORMAT:FIXED./L
/L
See also the //RECFORMAT, //RECSIZE, and //VARIABLE switches.


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]//FRAMESIZE:bits@
The //FRAMESIZE switch is used to specify how logical data bytes are
packed within physical I//O bytes./l
/l
//FRAMESIZE accepts a single mandatory argument "bits" which is the
size of the frame byte in bits, expressed as a positive decimal integer,
which contains a single logical data byte./l
/l
The //FRAMESIZE switch is used to explicitly specify how logical
data bytes are packed within the file I//O stream, independently
of the actual data bytesize, data mode, and I//O mode selected.
Logical data bytes are packed right-justified one per physical
frame "byte". For most cases //BYTESIZE and //FRAMESIZE are the same./l
/l
//FRAMESIZE in no way affects the physical organization of the
file I//O bit stream on the device media./l
/l
See also the //BYTESIZE, //DATAMODE, and //IOMODE switches.


<
[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]//HDRSIZE:size@
The //HDRSIZE switch is used to specify the size of the header portion
of file data records./l
/l
//HDRSIZE accepts a single mandatory argument "size" which is the
size of the file data record header, expressed in terms of data bytes
as a positive decimal integer./l
/l
The //HDRSIZE switch provides an explicit control of the size of the
header associated with file data records. This header contains various
types of information which is record format dependent (see the
//RECFORMAT switch). The header size is included as part of the overall
record size as specified by the //RECSIZE switch./l
/l
See also the //RECFORMAT and RECSIZE switches.
>


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]//IOMODE:mode@
The //IOMODE switch is used to specify the device I//O mode to be
used for the file I//O stream./l
/l
//IOMODE accepts a single mandatory argument "mode" which specifies
the device I//O mode to be used. The legal I//O modes supported
are:/l
[*ls]
[*LE]ASCII
[*LE]BINARY
[*LE]BYTE
[*LE]IMAGE
[*LE]IBINARY
[*LE]PIM
[*els]

<See section xxx for a detailed definition of the various I//O modes./l
/l>
Not all file systems necessarily support all listed //IOMODES./l
/l
//IOMODE is used to explicitly specify the device I//O mode to
be used for a file data stream independently of the selected
data byte size, data type, and framesize./l
/l
See also the //BYTESIZE, //DATAMODE, and //FRAMESIZE switches.


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]///[NO/]LIB@
The //LIB switch is used to control searching of any "libraries"
on a file open operation./l
/l
The //LIB switch accepts no arguments./l
/l
//LIB indicates that user- and//or system-defined libraries may
be searched in order to find the specified file. ///[NO/]LIB
indicates the no libraries are to be searched looking for the
file - if the file is not found as specified an error indication
is to be given./l
/l
Not all file systems support automatic library searching./l
/l
//LIB is meaningless on output files./l
/l
See also the //NEW, //SCAN, //STRS, and //SYS switches./l

[*NOTE]Note@The //LIB switch is not yet implemented.@


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]///[NO/]MACY11@
The ///[NO/]MACY11 switch is used to control reading and//or writing
of files in "MACY11" mode./l
/l
The //MACY11 switch accepts no arguments./l
/l
MACY11 mode (in honor of the PDP-11 cross assembler of the same name)
is a record-formatted 8-bit-byte binary file access mode wherein
8-bit data (such as used for PDP-11s, VAXii, and the like) is stored
in 36-bit words, preserving record-length information as required
by the various 8-bit minicomputers./l
/l
//MACY11 forces //BYTESIZE:8, //BINARY, and ignores completely
//RECFORMAT and //RECSIZE.


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]///[NO/]MECY11@
The ///[NO/]MECY11 switch is used like the //MACY11 switch./l
/l
The //MECY11 switch accepts no arguments./l
/l
//MECY11 behaves exactly like //MACY11 except that in writing "MACY11"
formatted files the "PDP-11 words" will always be aligned into PDP-10
halfwords for ease of looking at the file with (e.g.,) FILDDT.

[*NOTE]Note@The MACY11 cross-assembler (and thus the //MACY11 switch
which mimics same) writes 6 null filler bytes between logical records.
This results in every other record being halfword-aligned, with the
interspersed records being split across halfwords.@


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]///[NO/]NEW@
The //NEW switch is used to control searching the system "experimental
library" when the system device "SYS" is specified./l
/l
The //NEW switch accepts no arguments./l
/l
//NEW indicates that whenever the system device "SYS" is specified
the file system should look first on the system experimental
library "NEW" before using the standard system library. //NONEW
indicates that the system experimental library "NEW" should not
be searched when searching the standard system library./l
/l
Not all file systems support the "NEW" concept./l
/l
//NEW is meaningless on output files./l
/l
See also the //LIB, //SCAN, //STRS and //SYS switches./l

[*NOTE]Note@The //NEW switch is not yet implemented.@


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]//OKSUPERSEDE@
The //OKSUPERSEDE switch is used to control the superseding of
extant data files./l
/l
The //OKSUPERSEDE switch accepts no arguments./l
/l
//OKSUPERSEDE indicates that a file create operation may supersede
any already-existing file of the same name. //OKSUPERSEDE is
equivilent to //SUPERSEDE:ALWAYS./l
/l
//OKSUPERSEDE is meaningless for input files./L
/l
See also the //APPEND, //ERSUPERSEDE, and //SUPERSEDE switches.


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]//PARITY:par@
The //PARITY switch is used to select the data parity used for
magnetic tapes./l
/l
//PARITY accepts a single mandatory argument "par" which selects
the resultant tape parity. Legal arguments are:/l
[*ls]
[*le]EVEN - read//write even parity
[*le]ODD - read//write odd parity
[*els]
Although //PARITY is legal for both input and output file specifications,
some tape drives may automatically select the "correct" read parity
based on the
physical tape, ignoring any explicit specification by the user./l
/l
See also the //DENSITY switch.


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]//PASSWORD/[:psw/]@
The //PASSWORD switch is used to specify the password necessary to
gain access to a protected file./l
/l
//PASSWORD accepts a single argument "psw" which is the password,
expressed as a possibly-quoted character string,
needed to gain access to the specified file. If no argument
is explicitly provided then the user will be asked for the password
at the time of the file access./l
/l
The //PASSWORD switch enables access to a specific file which is
normally protected such that the file access would otherwise
be denied./l
/l
//PASSWORD is valid only for a remote network file access operation,
it is meaningless for a local file access./l
/l
The exact behaviour of //PASSWORD is dependent on the remote file
system being accessed. In particular, not all file systems necessarily
support password access. Further, it is unspecified whether or not
the password is verified before the file access is attempted (i.e.,
if the file is not protected then the password might be ignored, even if
it is invalid).

[*NOTE]Note@The //PASSWORD switch is completely independent of (and
has absolutely nothing to do with) the //USERID switch - //PASSWORD
specifies a file-specific password, whereas //USERID governs access
to a remote node, without regard to the file access operation. The
password for the //USERID is specified only with the //USERID switch,
and NOT with the //PASSWORD switch.@


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]///[NO/]PHYSICAL@
The //PHYSICAL switch controls usage of logical device name definitions./l
/l
//PHYSICAL accepts no arguments./l
/l
//PHYSICAL indicates that the file system should ignore any logical
device definitions and use only system physical device definitions
to select a device. ///[NO/]PHYSICAL indicates that logical device
definitions are acceptable.


[*TP]3@1@[*HL3]///[NO/]PRINT@
The ///[NO/]PRINT switch is used to cause the file to /[not/] be
printed when the file is CLOSEd./l
/l
The //PRINT switch accepts no arguments./l
/l
//PRINT specifies that the file is to be printed (i.e., "queued"
to the system line printer spooler facility to be printed on a
line printer) when the file is CLOSEd; //NOPRINT specifies that
the file is not to be printed when the file is CLOSEd./l
/l
See also the //DELETE and //SUBMIT switches.


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]//PROTECTION:prot@
The //PROTECTION switch is used to specify the access protection
attributes of a file./l
/l
//PROTECTION accepts a single mandatory argument "prot" which is the
file access protection code, expressed as an octal integer in the
range 1 to 777. A protection code of 0 selects the default protection
for the job//system./l
/l
//PROTECTION is meaningless for input files.


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]//QUERY/[:nta/]@
The //QUERY switch is used to selectively accept or reject
/[presumably wildcarded/] file operations./l
/l
//QUERY accepts a single argument "nta" specifying the type
of query processing requested. The types of query processing
available are:/l
[*ls]
[*le]NEVER - no processing
[*le]TELL - just list the file(s) selected
[*le]ASK - confirm operation with user
[*els]
The default if no argument is supplied is "ASK" (many commands will default
to //QUERY:TELL if no explicit //QUERY is specified).

[*hl3]//QUERY:NEVER@
//QUERY:NEVER indicates that all query processing should be suppressed.

[*hl3]//QUERY:TELL@
//QUERY:TELL indicates that each file selected should be listed on
the command output device.

[*hl3]//QUERY:ASK@
//QUERY:ASK indicates that each file selected should be listed on
the command output device./l
/l
The user is then prompted to either
accept or reject the file selected by typing either "YES" or
"NO". This answer ALWAYS comes from the command input terminal
even if the original file access command is from a command file.
A "blank" answer (i.e., carriage return) defaults to either
"YES" or "NO" as appropriate; any other answer will reprompt./l
/l
If the prompt is "/[Y//N/]" then the default is "YES"; if the
prompt is "/[N//Y/]" then the default is "NO".


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]//RECFORMAT:format@
The //RECFORMAT switch is used to specify the type of record format
associated with a file I//O stream./l
/l
//RECFORMAT accepts the record format type, expressed as a
single keyword
which defines the record structure used by the file I//O stream.
The record formats are:/l
[*ls]
[*le]NONE - no record formatting
[*le]FIXED - fixed length records
[*le]VARIABLE - variable length records
[*le]VFC - variable length records with fixed length header
[*le]36PACK - bizarre packing of 36-bit words into 8-bit bytes
[*els]
Not all file systems necessarily support any or all of the
listed record format types./l
/l
The //RECFORMAT switch allows the user to explicitly specify the
structure of the file data records which constitute the file
I//O stream independently of the data and I//O modes employed./l
/l
See also the //FIXED, //RECSIZE, and //VARIABLE switches.


The 36PACK record format controls the "funny" packing of 36-bit data
into 8-bit bytes in such a manner that 36-bit data is able to
be stored on and retrieved from 8-bit systems such as RSX or VAX. The
36-bit data is stored in 4.5 consecutive 8-bit bytes (or consecutive
pairs of 36-bit
words are stored in 9 consecutive 8-bit bytes) as per the DAP
bit-packing specification:/l
/L
		7/f/f/f/f4/f3/f/f/f/f0/l
		-------------/l
/f/fByte/f0//	|/f/f28/f-/f35/f/f|/l
		-------------/l
/f/fByte/f1//	|/f/f20/f-/f27/f/f|/l
		-------------/l
/f/fByte/f2//	|/f/f12/f-/f19/f/f|/l
		-------------/l
/f/fByte/f3//	|/f/f04/f-/f11/f/f|/l
		-------------/l
/f/fByte/f4//	|00-03:32-35|/l
		-------------/l
/f/fByte/f5//	|/f/f24/f-/f31/f/f|/l
		-------------/l
/f/fByte/f6//	|/f/f16/f-/f23/f/f|/l
		-------------/l
/f/fByte/f7//	|/f/f08/f-/f15/f/f|/l
		-------------/l
/f/fByte/f8//	|/f/f00/f-/f07/f/f|/l
		-------------/l


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]//RECSIZE:size@
The //RECSIZE switch is used to specify the size of the file
data records which constitute the file I//O stream./l
/l
//RECSIZE accepts a single mandatory argument "size" which is the
size of the file data records, expressed in terms of data bytes
as a positive decimal integer./l
/l
The //RECSIZE switch is used to explicitly specify the file data
record size for the file I//O stream. The record size includes
any record header associated with the record.
For fixed length records the record size specifies the
size of all records. For variable length records the record
size specifies the maximum record size allowable - actual records
may well be much smaller./l
/l
See also the <//HDRSIZE and> //RECFORMAT switch.


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]///[NO/]SCAN@
The //SCAN switch is used to control directory tree scanning on a
file access operation./l
/l
The //SCAN switch accepts no arguments./l
/l
//SCAN indicates that the file system should scan the specified
directory tree looking for the specified file if the file is not
found in the specified directory. //NOSCAN indicates that directory
tree scanning should not be performed./l
/l
Not all file systems support directory tree scanning./l
/l
//SCAN is meaningless on output files./L
/l
See also the //LIB, //NEW, //STRS, and //SYS switches./l

[*NOTE]Note@The //SCAN switch is not yet implemented.@


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]///[NO/]SUBMIT@
The ///[NO/]SUBMIT switch is used to cause the file to /[not/] be
SUBMITted when the file is CLOSEd./l
/l
The //SUBMIT switch accepts no arguments./l
/l
//SUBMIT specifies that the file is to be SUBMITted (i.e., "queued"
to the system batch processor facility)
when the file is CLOSEd; //NOSUBMIT specifies that
the file is not to be submitted when the file is CLOSEd./l
/l
See also the //DELETE and //PRINT switches.


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]//SUPERSEDE:cond@
The //SUPERSEDE switch controls the superseding of extant files./l
/l
//SUPERSEDE accepts a single argument "cond", expressed as a
keyword name, which specifies the conditions under which the
extant file may be superseded. The keywords are:/l
[*ls]
[*le]NEVER - never supersede an extant file
[*le]OLDER - supersede only if extant file is older
[*le]NEWER - supersede only if extant file is newer
[*le]ALWAYS - always supersede extant file
[*els]

//SUPERSEDE:NEVER is equivilent to //ERSUPERSEDE; //SUPERSEDE:ALWAYS
is equivilent to //OKSUPERSEDE.

[*NOTE]Note@The //SUPERSEDE switch is not yet implemented.@


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]///[NO/]SYS@
The //SYS switch is used to control system library searching on a
file access operation./l
/l
The //SYS switch accepts no arguments./l
/l
//SYS indicates that the file system should search the system
library area (as further controlled by the //NEW switch) if the
specified file is not found. //NOSYS indicates that the system
library should not be searched if the file is not found./l
/l
Not all file systems support system library searching./l
/l
//SYS is meaningless for output files./l
/l
See also the //LIB, //NEW, //SCAN, and //STRS switches./l

[*NOTE]Note@The //SYS switch is not yet implemented.@


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]///[NO/]UPDATE@
The //UPDATE switch is used to specify that an output file is to be
overwritten rather than superseded (or appended)./l
/l
The //UPDATE switch accepts no arguments./l
/l
//UPDATE indicates that the output file data is to overwrite any
extant file of the same name rather than to supersede or append
the "old" file. //NOUPDATE indicates that the file is not to be
overwritten./l
/l
//UPDATE is meaningless for input files./l
/l
See also the //APPEND and //SUPERSEDE switches.

[*NOTE]Note@The //UPDATE switch is not yet implemented.@


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]//USERID/[:/[uid/]/[:/[act/]/[:psw/]/]/]@
The //USERID switch is used to specify the "on-behalf-of" access
verification and accounting for file access operations./l
/l
//USERID accepts up to three optional arguments "uid", "act",
and "psw", each of which is a possibly-quoted ASCII character
string. The "uid" argument string may additionally contain the
directory bracketting characters "/[", "/]", "/<", "/>", as
well as the comma (","), dot ("."), and underscore ("_")
characters./l
/l
The //USERID switch is used to identify file access requests
with user accounting and access verification mechanisms
associated with the file system. The "uid" argument is the
"userid" (or user name or user account or user ppn) to be used
by the remote for the file access; the "act" is any optional
accounting information associated with the specified userid;
and "psw" is the password associated with the specified userid
(and typically used to verify the userid file access rights)./l
/l
//USERID is valid only for a remote network file access operation;
it is meaningless for local file access./l
/l
Basically, //USERID is used to identify yourself to the remote
file system (and operating system) as a known "local" user. This allows
the file system to grant file access in terms of local users
without having to deal with non-secure network interfaces.
It further allows for more detailed accounting operations to
be performed, charging the file access to a known account./l
/l
The actual operation of //USERID is dependent on the remote
file system selected - not all file systems necessarily
support the //USERID functionality, or even require that
a //USERID be supplied by the accessor./l
/l
For use with NFT, the various arguments may be left blank and NFT
will prompt for the three fields at program runtime as the file
specification is actually being used.


[*TP]3@1@[*HL2]//VARIABLE@
The //VARIABLE switch is used to specify variable length records, and
is shorthand for (identical to) //RECFORMAT:VARIABLE./l
/l
See also the //FIXED, //RECFORMAT, and //RECSIZE switches.


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]//VERSION:ver@
The //VERSION switch is used to specify the file's "version"
attribute./l
/l
//VERSION accepts a single mandatory argument "ver", expressed as
a standard TOPS-10 version string, which is to be the file's
created version./l
/l
Not all file systems necessarily support the version attribute./l
/l
//VERSION is meaningless for input files.


[*pg][*HL1]Qualifying Switches@
Qualifying switches are used to "qualify"  or constrain the naked
file specification
insofar as the actual selection of a resultant file is concerned.
In effect, qualifying switches act as implicit wildcard
operations, accepting or rejecting files based on some specified
constraint./l
/l
Qualifying switches are:/l

[*hl2]//ABEFORE:datime@
The //ABEFORE switch restricts file selection to those files accessed
before the specified date//time./l
/l
//ABEFORE accepts a single mandatory argument "datime", expressed as
either an absolute date and time or as a period of time relative to
the present, which specifies the file selection constraint./l
/l
//ABEFORE is used to allow only files which have been accessed
(i.e., read, written, or updated) before
a specifed date//time. Any file which fails the specified //ABEFORE
constraint is considered to not match the file specification, and
will not be used./l
/l
//ABEFORE is meaningless for output files./l
/l
See also the //ASINCE, //BEFORE, //SINCE, //PBEFORE,
and //PSINCE switches.


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]//ANYDEV@
The //ANYDEV switch is used to specify whether or not any device
type is acceptable./l
/l
The //ANYDEV switch accepts no arguments./L
/l
//ANYDEV indicates that any device type is acceptable for the file
specification (i.e., impose no constraints on device selection).
For input files, the device types searched include disks, magnetic
tapes, DECtapes, line printers, card readers, card punches, paper
tape readers, paper tape punches, plotters, and terminals.
For output files no device constraints will be applied.
//ANYDEV implies //TTYDEV (refer to the //TTYDEV switch below)./l
/l
See also //DSKONLY and //TTYDEV.


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]//ASINCE:datime@
The //ASINCE switch restricts file selection to those files accessed
since the specified date//time./l
/l
//ASINCE accepts a single mandatory argument "datime", expressed as
either an absolute date and time or as a period of time relative to
the present, which specifies the file selection constraint./l
/l
//ASINCE is used to allow only files which have not been accessed
(i.e., read, written, or updated) since
a specifed date//time. Any file which fails the specified //ASINCE
constraint is considered to not match the file specification, and
will not be used./l
/l
//ASINCE is meaningless for output files./l
/l
See also the //ABEFORE, //BEFORE, //SINCE, //PBEFORE,
and //PSINCE switches.


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]//BEFORE:datime@
The //BEFORE switch restricts file selection to those files logically created
before the specified date//time./l
/l
//BEFORE accepts a single mandatory argument "datime", expressed as
either an absolute date and time or as a period of time relative to
the present, which specifies the file selection constraint./l
/l
//BEFORE is used to allow only files which were created before
a specifed date//time. Any file which fails the specified //BEFORE
constraint is considered to not match the file specification, and
will not be used. //BEFORE uses the file's logical data creation
date//time which is independent of the file's physical creation
on the device media (in particular, COPYing a file does not change
the logical creation date//time but does change the new file's
media creation date//time)./l
/l
//BEFORE is meaningless for output files./l
/l
See also the //ABEFORE, //ASINCE, //SINCE, //PBEFORE,
and //PSINCE switches.


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]///[NO/]DSKONLY@
The //DSKONLY switch is used to restrict input devices to disks only./l
/l
The //DSKONLY switch accepts no arguments./l
/l
//DSKONLY indicates that only disk-type devices are to be accepted,
all other devices should be ignored//rejected. //NODSKONLY indicates
that the disk-only constraint is not to be applied./l
/l
See also the //ANYDEV and //TTYDEV switches.


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]//ERNONE@
The //ERNONE switch controls the issuance of an error if no files match
the input request./l
/l
The //ERNONE switch accepts no arguments./l
/l
//ERNONE indicates that an error indication is to be issued if no files
are found which match the input file specification./l
/l
See also the //OKNONE switch.


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]//ERPROT@
The //ERPROT switch controls the issuance of an error if a potential
file is protected./l
/l
The //ERPROT switch accepts no arguments./l
/l
//ERPROT indicates that a file protection violation (e.g., attempting
to read a file that is read-protected) is to cause an error indication
rather than being ignored./l
/l
See also the //OKPROT switch.


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]//LENGTH:min/[:max/]@
The //LENGTH switch is used to specify file size constraints./l
/l
//LENGTH accepts two arguments "min" and "max"; "min" is mandatory and
is the minimum file size, expressed in words as a positive decimal
integer; "max" is optional and is the maximum file size, expressed
in words as a positive decimal integer./l
/l
The //LENGTH switch is used to select input files whose data size
(as distinct from allocated size) is greater than or equal to
the specified minimum, and less than or equal to the specified
maximum - if any. Any file whose data size does not meet the
specified constraints is considered to not match the file
specification, and will not be used./l
/l
//LENGTH is meaningless on output files.


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]//OKNONE@
The //OKNONE switch controls the issuance of an error message if no
files are found to match the file specification./l
/l
The //OKNONE switch accepts no arguments./l
/l
//OKNONE indicates that no error indication is to be given if
no files are found to match the input file specification./l
/l
See also the //ERNONE switch.


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]//OKPROT@
The //OKPROT switch controls the issuance of an error message if
a potential file is protected against access./l
/l
The //OKPROT switch accepts no arguments./l
/l
//OKPROT indicates that file protection failures are acceptable and
should not cause an error indication to be given./l
/l
See also the //ERPROT switch.


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]//PBEFORE:datime@
The //PBEFORE switch restricts file selection to those files
physically created
before the specified date//time./l
/l
//PBEFORE accepts a single mandatory argument "datime", expressed as
either an absolute date and time or as a period of time relative to
the present, which specifies the file selection constraint./l
/l
//PBEFORE is used to allow only files which were physically created before
a specifed date//time. Any file which fails the specified //PBEFORE
constraint is considered to not match the file specification, and
will not be used. //PBEFORE uses the file's media creation
date//time, which is distinct from the file's logical data creation
date//time./l
/l
//PBEFORE is meaningless for output files./l
/l
See also the //ABEFORE, //ASINCE, //BEFORE, //SINCE,
and //PSINCE switches.


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]//PSINCE:datime@
The //PSINCE switch restricts file selection to those files
physically created after the specified date//time./l
/l
//PSINCE accepts a single mandatory argument "datime", expressed as
either an absolute date and time or as a period of time relative to
the present, which specifies the file selection constraint./l
/l
//PSINCE is used to allow only files which were physically created after
a specifed date//time. Any file which fails the specified //PSINCE
constraint is considered to not match the file specification, and
will not be used.  //PSINCE uses the file's media creation date//time
which is distinct from the file's logical data creation date//time./l
/l
//PSINCE is meaningless for output files./l
/l
See also the //ABEFORE, //ASINCE, //BEFORE, //SINCE, and //PBEFORE switches.


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]//SINCE:datime@
The //SINCE switch restricts file selection to those files logically created
since the specified date//time./l
/l
//SINCE accepts a single mandatory argument "datime", expressed as
either an absolute date and time or as a period of time relative to
the present, which specifies the file selection constraint./l
/l
//SINCE is used to allow only files which were created after
a specifed date//time. Any file which fails the specified //SINCE
constraint is considered to not match the file specification, and
will not be used. //BEFORE uses the file's logical data creation
date//time which is independent of the file's physical creation
on the device media (in particular, COPYing a file does not change
the logical creation date//time but does change the new file's
media creation date//time)./l
/l
//SINCE is meaningless for output files./l
/l
See also the //ABEFORE, //ASINCE, //BEFORE, //PBEFORE,
and //PSINCE switches.


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]//SCERROR:keyword@
The //SCERROR switch controls the relative error constraints used
in secondary wildcarding operations./l
/l
//SCERROR accepts a single mandatory argument "keyword" which
identifies the error constraints, expressed as a name, to be
applied to secondary file wildcarding operations. The acceptable
error constraints are:/l
[*ls]
[*le]NEVER - no constraints imposed
[*le]INSUFFICIENT - error if insufficient secondary wildcards
[*le]DIFFERENT - error if primary and secondary wildcards are different
[*le]EXCESSIVE - error if excessive secondary wildcards
[*els]
See Appendix C for a detailed defintion of secondary wildcarding
error constraints./l
/l
See also the //SCWILD switch.


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]//SCWILD:mode@
The //SCWILD switch controls the secondary wildcard mode employed./l
/l
//SCWILD accepts a single mandatory argument "mode" which identifies
the secondary wildcarding mode, expressed as a name, to be employed
in filling out secondary wildcarded file specifications. The legal
modes are:/l
[*ls]
[*le]ANY - any field wildcards acceptable
[*le]FIELD - use only corresponding field wildcards
[*le]DFIELD - FIELD but allow directory level shifting
[*le]AFIELD - FIELD but allow any field to be chosen
[*le]SAME - use only corresponding character within chosen same field
[*le]DSAME - SAME but allow directory level shifting
[*le]ASAME - SAME but allow any field to be chosen.
[*els]
See Appendix C for a detailed definition of secondary wildcarding
operations./l
/l
See also the //SCERROR switch.


[*tp]3@1@[*hl2]///[NO/]STRS@
The //STRS switch is used to "match" multiple copies of files with the
same name but residing in different "parts" of the specified file
directory(s)./l
/l
The //STRS switch accepts no arguments./l
/l
//STRS indicates that any implicit structure, directory, or library
wildcarding should be explicitly expanded in such a manner that
files with multiple incarnations are matched one at a time. //NOSTRS
indicates that any implicit structure, directory, or library
wildcarding should be left implicit and not expanded./l
/l
//STRS is useful to determine if multiple copies of a file exist, or if
a file implicitly exists even though not explicitly matched by the
file specification. //STRS addresses four areas: logical names,
structure "search lists", directory tree scanning, and
library searching./l
/l
If the device specified is a logical name definition then
//STRS explicitly expands the logical name definition into its
componet specifications and treats each one separately, handling
directory tree scanning and device search lists as below,
returning all file matches found as separate files./l
/l
If the device specified expands into a search list (e.g., device
"DSK" might be "DSKB:, DSKC:") then //STRS indicates that
each device in turn should be explicitly searched independently
of any other device in the search list, handling directory
tree scanning as below, returning all file
matches found as separate files./l
/l
If directory tree scanning is enabled then //STRS indicates
that the directory tree is to be explicitly scanned upwards to
the top-level directory, returning all file matches found as
separate files./l
/l
Finally, if the job has a default library set to be searched then
specifying //STRS indicates that after the file specification is exhausted
(as above) the library is to be searched, handling directory
tree scanning, device search lists, and logical name definitions
as above, returning all file matches found as separate files./l
/l
If the file specification has no explicit wildcards then //STRS
acts as an implicit wildcard operator, returning an arbitrary
number of files as matches. If the file specification has
explicit wildcards in only the file name, file type, of file
generation fields then //STRS acts solely to broaden the range
over which the wildcard operation acts. If the file specification
has explicit wildcards in the device or directory fields then
//STRS is ignored./l
/l
Not all file systems necessarily support //STRS operation./l
/l
//STRS is meaningless on output files./l
/l
See also the //LIB, //NEW, //SCAN, and //SYS switches.

[*NOTE]Note@The //LIB//SYS//NEW//SCAN functions of //STRS are not
yet implemented.@

[*ax]C@Wildcarding@

[*NOTE]Note@This appendix is included not as a detailed (and
supported) functional specification but rather as a philosophical
treatise for the amusement and possible edification of the reader.
Some of the described functionality is actually implemented in
extant software, and some is merely, ah, "speculation".@

[ts2.0]
Wildcarding - What is it?
The general term "wildcard" is used in the context of identifying
some object or /[sub/]set of objects. A wildcard is used within
the specification for the object(s) to indicate that something other
than the wildcard itself is acceptable, and typically that
any-and-everything is acceptable in the place occupied by the
wildcard./l
/l
There are two general classes of wildcarding: primary wildcarding
and secondary wildcarding./l

[*PG]
[*hl1]Primary Wildcarding@
Primary wildcarding is the process wherein an extant
set of objects is matched against a set of constraints (e.g., a
"name") in order to identify (or select) a subset of objects./l
/l
For the purposes of this specification, I shall implicitly
use as the "set of objects"
a set of files which might exist on a hypothetical distributed
/[network/] computer system, using the accepted naming convention of/l
	nod_dev:/[pth/]fil.ext.gen/l
as the way of uniquely identifying
any specific file ("element") within the set./l
/l
Further, unless explicitly stated otherwise, alphabetic case is
irrelevant to a character match operation - "A" is EXACTLY equivalent
to "a" and so on. In particular, some file systems such as TOPS-10
and RSX-11 do not even allow lowercase alphabetics in file specifications./l
/l
Finally, it should be understood that not all file systems
necessarily support any or all of the following wildcard operations.

[*HL2]Basic primary wildcarding@
The basic primary wildcarding functions are to match any single
character or any single group of characters./L
/l
The Asterisk character indicates that any character or sequence of
characters is to be considered a match in the position within the
specification occupied by the "*". The "*" character even matches
"nothing"!/l
/l
The Question Mark character indicates that any character may be
present in the indicated character position, with the proviso that
some character be present (i.e., unlike the "*" construction the "?"
character does not match "nothing" - some character must be present
in the character position)./l
/l
Following are some representative examples of basic primary
wildcarding./l
/l
The specification "ABC" matches one and only one name - "ABC",
no other name in the whole universe matches (remember that
"AbC" is EXACTLY the same as "aBc", and so on)./l
/l
The specification "*" matches every name that can exist, regardless
of the number of characters in the name (a blank name - i.e., a name
with no characters at all - is implicitly disallowed, although if
a blank name could exist, it too would be matched by "*"). "A",
"BC", "DEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ", etc., are all matched by "*"./l
/l
The specification "AB?" matches all names that have exactly three
characters, the first two of which are "AB". "ABA", "ABB", "ABZ",
are all matched by "AB?" while "AB" doesn't match because it only
has two characters, and "ABCD" doesn't match because it has
four characters./l
/l
The specification "A?C" matches all three character names beginning with
"A" and ending with "C", such as "AAC", "AZC", and so on./l
/l
The specification "AB*" matches all names that have at least
two characters,
the first two of which are "AB", such as "ABC", "ABZ", "ABCDEFGHIJKL",
and so on./l
/l
The specification "AB?*" matches all names that have at least three
characters, the first two of which are "AB". The names "ABC", "ABCD",
"ABBA", and "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ" are all matched
by the specification "AB?*"./L
/l
The above examples have one thing in common insofar as wildcards
go - the "*" wildcard (whenever used) is always the last character
in the wildcarded specification, it is never encased (in particular,
it is never followed) by any other part of the wildcarded specification.
The examples shown so far constitute simple or "elementary"
primary wildcarding./l

[*hl2]Advanced primary wildcarding@
Advanced primary wildcarding takes the ideas of simple primary
wildcarding and expands on them, providing more flexibility and
power in matching names, but at the cost of being somewhat more
difficult to comprehend in the "most flexible" constructions./l
/l
The simplest "advanced" construction is the embedding of the
anything-goes "*" wildcard completely within non-wildcarded
parts of a specification. The specification "A*Z" for example,
matches all names
that have at least two characters, the first of which is an "A"
and the last of which is a "Z". The names "AZ", "ABZ", and
"ABCDEFGHIJKLZ" are all matched by "A*Z"./l
/l
An obvious extension
is multiple embedded "*"'s, such as the specification "A*M*Z", which would
match any name that has at least three characters, the first of
which is an "A", the last of which is a "Z", and of which at least one of 
the intervening characters is an "M". The names "AMZ", "AMMZ",
"AMMMMMZ", "AMAZ", and "AMAMAMAMAMAZ" are all matched by "A*M*Z"./l
/l
The specification "AB*?" matches exactly the same set of names as the
specification "AB?*" in the example above (all names which have at least
three characters and begin with "AB"), but is yet distinct because
the "*" wildcard is embedded within fixed portions of the specification
rather than at the end. This points out the not-necessarily-obvious
detail that so far as primary wildcarding has been described up
to this point the only difference is in the algorithm used to
decide what names match a given wildcarded specification. For
basic primary wildcarding a very simple algorithm can be used,
while the advanced primary wildcarding requires a fairly involved
recursive matching algorithm. In particular, the algorithm used
by the current versions of SCAN//WILD is a straight two-step
operation regardless of the number of wildcards involved - the
candidate name is first XORed with the specification name, and
then ANDed with the wildcard mask (which has a "1" for each non-wild
character in a wildcarded specification) - if the result is 0 then the
candidate name is matched by the specification (this is why
trailing "?" wildcards will match even "nothing")./l

[*hl2]^E primary wildcarding@
An even more powerful (i.e., flexible) primary wildcard construction
is the ^E wildcard. The ^E (Control-E) character indicates that the
character(s) immediately following the ^E is(are) an "extended" wildcard
operation. The ^E wildcard allows the specification to match or reject
the candidate name on a large variety of constraints, such as decimal
digit only, everything except alphabetic characters, and so on./l
[*note]Note@The ^E wildcard derives from the ^E search match operation
in the text editor TECO@

Following are the ^E wildcard constructions:/l
/l
[*TABLE2][email protected]@
[*te2]^EA@Match any alphabetic character. ^EA matches any character
which is a letter (regardless of case) - i.e., ^EA matches if the
candidate character is an "A", "B", "C", ..., "Y", "Z", "a", "b",
"c", ..., "y", or a "z".@
[*te2]^ED@Match any decimal digit. ^ED matches any character
which is a number. ^ED matches if the candidate character is a "0",
"1", "2", ..., "8", "9".@
[*te2]^ENx@Match anything but "x". ^EDx matches any character which
is NOT "x" - e.g., ^ENA matches a "B", "C", etc., but NOT an "A".@
[*te2]^EX@Match any single character. ^EX matches any single character
in that position. ^EX is the same as the "?" wildcard - it is included
merely for completeness.@
[*te2]^E/<ddd/>@Match ASCII code "ddd". ^E/<ddd/>
matches the character whose ASCII character code is "ddd" where "ddd"
is a decimal number. For example ^E/<65/> matches only "A" (and NOT "a").@
[*te2]^E/[x,y,z/]@Match either "x" or "y" or "z". ^E/[x,y,z/] matches
any of the list entries "x", "y", or "z", the list is of arbitrary
length (it may be only two entries, or it may be 88 entries).@
/l
As specified above, the ^E constructions always count for exactly
one character position in the candidate name./l
/l
The ^E constructs may also be nested. For example, the specification
"^EN^E/[A,B,C,^ED/]" accounts for exactly one character position and
matches any character which is NOT an "A", "B", "C", or a decimal digit./l

[*PG]
[*hl1]Secondary Wildcarding@
Secondary wildcarding is the process whereby a wholly new name
is generated based on the extant name matched in a /[presumabably/]
related primary wildcarded operation. For example, when one or
more files are copied from one place to another the copies of the
files have to be named something (even if the "name" is no more than
a device name such as LPT:) - it is the "something" which secondary
wildcarding addresses./l
/l
Basically, secondary wildcarding is merely copying part of the
primary wildcarded name into the corresponding secondary wildcarded
name. In the COPY command/L
	COPY DSKB:/[me/]*.* = DSKC:/[him/]*.*/L
the specification "DSKC:/[him/]*.*" is the primary wildcarded file
specification, and  "DSKB:/[me/]*.*" is the secondary wildcarded
file specification, with the intent of copying all of "his" files
from DSKC: into "my" DSKB:./l
/l
Secondary wildcarding is broken down into three realms./l
/l
First is the "error constraints" on secondary versus primary wildcards.
The error constraints govern when an error is to be generated
based on the relative secondary versus primary wildcards. An error
may be "flagged":/l
[*LS]
[*LE]Never
[*le]If there are more primary wildcards than secondary wildcards
[*le]If the primary wildcards are different from the secondary wildcards
[*le]If there are more secondary wildcards than primary wildcards
[*ELS]

Second is the relative primary source for each secondary wildcarded
field generated. There are four basic field selection modes of
operation:/l
[*ls]
[*le]Same field (device to device, SFD1 to SFD1, etc.)
[*le]Same field, but allowing directories to shift one or more entire levels
[*le]Any field (e.g., secondary file type from primary device)
[*le]None (i.e., field boundaries irrelevant)
[*els]

Third is the manner in which the individual secondary name characters
are actually generated from the appropriate primary name fields. There
are four basic character replacement modes of operation:/l
[*ls]
[*le]Same exact position (first name character to first name character, etc.)
[*le]In strict order of occurence, from the selected field
[*le]In order of occurence, filling with non-wild characters
[*le]In order of occurence, without regard to field boundaries
[*els]

These three "realms" of operation are broken down into two axes of
control - SCERROR and SCWILD. The SCWILD control is essentially
the combination of the field
selection modes and character replacement modes as described immediately
above. SCERROR and SCWILD operate more or less independently of each
other, with some interaction./l
/l
SCERROR governs basically when a syntax
error is to be issued. The four modes for SCERROR are
NEVER, INSUFFICIENT, DIFFERENT, and EXCESSIVE./L
[*LS]
[*le]SCERROR:NEVER indicates that any
combination of primary and secondary wildcards is acceptable,
regardless of the possible conflicts which might arise.
[*le]SCERROR:INSUFFICIENT indicates that an error should be
flagged if there are insufficient secondary wildcards to match
the corresponding primary wildcarded fields.
[*le]SCERROR:DIFFERENT
indicates an error should be flagged if the secondary wildcards
and the primary wildcards are different.
[*le]SCERROR:EXCESSIVE indicates that an error should be
flagged if there are excessive secondary wildcards to match
the corresponding primary wildcarded fields.
[*els]

SCWILD controls how the secondary wildcarded
fields are actually generated. The seven modes for SCWILD are
ANY, FIELD, SAME, DFIELD, DSAME, AFIELD, and ASAME.
[*LS]
[*le]SCWILD:ANY
indicates that the secondary wildcards are to be generated from any
primary wildcards available without respect to field boundaries.
[*le]SCWILD:FIELD indicates that
secondary wildcards are to be generated only from the corresponding
primary wildcard fields (device to device, etc.).
[*le]SCWILD:SAME indicates that the secondary wildcards are to be
generated from the corresponding primary characters, without regard
to primary wildcards.
[*le]SCWILD:DFIELD is the same as SCWILD:FIELD except that within
a directory specification, entire directory levels may be shifted about
in order to match secondary and primary wildcards.
[*le]SCWILD:DSAME is the same as SCWILD:SAME except that within
a directory specification, entire directory levels may be shifted about
in order to match secondary and primary wildcards.
[*le]SCWILD:AFIELD is the same as SCWILD:FIELD except that entire fields
may be shifted about in order to match secondary and primary wildcards.
[*le]SCWILD:ASAME is the same as SCWILD:SAME except that entire fields
may be shifted about in order to match secondary and primary wildcards.
[*els]

To translate some of the above, The SCWILD ANY mode pretty much
ignores field boundries and simply
generates secondary characters from the "first" primary wildcard
found, regardless of field boundries. The results of SCWILD:ANY
can be very bizarre indeed!/l
/l
The relative ordering of fields (names) within a specification
is node name, device name, directory name level one (TOPS-10 project
number), directory name level two (TOPS-10 programmer number),
directory name level three (TOPS-10 first SFD), etc., directory
name lowest level, file name, and finally file type./l
[*note]Note@Due to various historical reasons, the current versions
of SCAN//WILD treat the project and programmer numbers as 18-bit
fields, and NOT 6-character fields. In particular, the secondary
wildcarding provided by WILD works on a bit basis rather than on
a character basis. This can provide very confusing results when
mixing ppn wildcards with non-ppn wildcards.@
/l
The SCWILD FIELD modes always stick
with a selected field, generating secondary characters from the primary
field selected. As long as there are more secondary than primary
wildcards the secondary characters are generated from the corresponding
primary characters whether or not the primary input characters were
originally wildcarded. When there are the same or fewer secondary
wildcards than primary wildcards then the secondary characters will
be generated only from primary wildcarded character positions./l
/l
The SCWILD SAME modes always stick with a selected field, generating
secondary characters from the primary field selected without any
regard for the primary wildcards. This means that a secondary
wildcard in position "n" is generated from the corresponding primary
position "n", whether or not primary position "n" was wildcarded./l
/l
A prefix of "A" or "D" coupled with either the FIELD or SAME
modes described above indicates that field shuffling is allowed
in order to satisfy secondary wildcard requests which would otherwise
not have a corresponding primary wildcard match. A prefix of "D"
indicates that field shifting is limited to solely within the
directory name, while the prefix "A" indicates that unlimited field
shifting may take place./l
/l
The default secondary wildcard operating modes are SCERROR:INSUFFICIENT
and SCWILD:FIELD./l

[*hl2]Secondary wildcarding examples@
Some examples are in order which might help clarify secondary
wildcarding operation./l
/l
All examples will be assumed to be a
command string to a COPY command, of the form "out/f=/fin" a la
standard TOPS-10 conventions./l
/l
The examples assume a TOPS-10 network environment with three hosts
in the network - KI514, KL1026, and KS4101. The examples ignore
non-host (non-MCR) nodes./l
/l
Each of the three host nodes is assumed to contain a set of files
residing on disk structures, and no other files./l
/L
The examples are assumed to be executed on host KL1026. As such, if a
node name does not appear in a file specification in an example then
the node is implicitly KL1026./l
/l
The examples will assume the existence of the following files:/l
/l
	KI514_DSKE:/[1,4/]AVAIL.SYS/L
	KI514_DSKE:/[1,4/]CRASH.SYS/L
/L
	KL1026_DSKC:/[1,4/]ACCT.SYS/L
	KL1026_DSKC:/[1,4/]AUXACC.SYS/L
	KL1026_DSKC:/[1,4/]AVAIL.SYS/L
	KL1026_DSKC:/[1,4/]CRASH.SYS/L
	KL1026_DSKC:/[1,10,KI514,SYS/]ACCT.SYS/L
	KL1026_DSKC:/[1,10,KI514,SYS/]AUXACC.SYS/L
	KL1026_DSKC:/[1,10,KI514,ACT/]USAGE.BIN/L
	KL1026_DSKC:/[1,10,KL1026,SYS/]ACCT.SYS/L
	KL1026_DSKC:/[1,10,KL1026,SYS/]AUXACC.SYS/L
	KL1026_DSKC:/[1,10,KL1026,ACT/]USAGE.BIN/L
	KL1026_DSKC:/[1,10,KS4101,SYS/]ACCT.SYS/L
	KL1026_DSKC:/[1,10,KS4101,SYS/]AUXACC.SYS/L
	KL1026_DSKC:/[1,10,KS4101,ACT/]USAGE.BIN/L
	KL1026_DSKC:/[17,341/]C14ACC.T/L
	KL1026_DSKC:/[17,341/]C14AUX.ACC/L
	KL1026_DSKC:/[17,341/]B17USA.GE/L
	KL1026_DSKB:/[226,4563/]SWITCH.INI/L
	KL1026_DSKB:/[226,4563/]A0B1C2.DAT/L
	KL1026_DSKB:/[226,4563/]A3B4C5.DAT/L
	KL1026_DSKB:/[226,4563/]A6B7C8.DAT/L
	KL1026_DSKB:/[226,4563/]A9XXXX.DAT/L
	KL1026_DSKB:/[226,4563,RDH1,RDH2/]BLAH0A.FOO/L
	KL1026_DSKB:/[226,4563,RDH1,RDH2/]BLAH0B.FOO/L
	KL1026_DSKB:/[226,4563,RDH1,RDH2/]BLAH1A.FOO/L
	KL1026_DSKB:/[226,4563,RDH1,RDH2/]BLAH1B.FOO/L
	KL1026_DSKC:/[226,4563,RDH1,RDH2/]BLAH0A.FOO/L
	KL1026_DSKC:/[226,4563,RDH1,RDH2/]BLAH0B.FOO/L
	KL1026_DSKC:/[226,4563,RDH1,RDH2/]BLAH1A.FOO/L
	KL1026_DSKC:/[226,4563,RDH1,RDH2/]BLAH1B.FOO/L
/L
	KS4101_DSKA:/[1,4/]AVAIL.SYS/L
	KS4101_DSKA:/[1,4/]CRASH.SYS/L
/l
Starting off with a trivial case, consider the specification/l
	DSKX:/[10,11/]*.* = DSKC:/[1,4/]*.*/L
This case is obvious and unambiguous, and behaves in exactly
the same manner with all secondary wildcard modes. Each file
in the DSKC:/[1,4/] area is to be copied to the DSKX:/[10,11/]
area, with the same file name and type (or extension). This
specification will never generate a secondary wildcarding syntax
error since even the most restrictive constraints (SCERROR:DIFFERENT)
are satisfied - the secondary wildcards match EXACTLY the primary
wildcards. The end result of the COPY operation would be:/L
	DSKX:/[10,11/]ACCT.SYS/L
	DSKX:/[10,11/]AUXACC.SYS/L
	DSKX:/[10,11/]AVAIL.SYS/L
	DSKX:/[10,11/]CRASH.SYS/L
/l
A slightly ("epsilon") less obvious case is the specification/l
	DSKX:/[10,11/]*.* = DSKC:/[1,4/]A*.*/L
This case is still pretty much obvious and unambiguous. Each file
in the DSKC:/[1,4/] area which starts with an "A" is to be copied
to the DSKX:/[10,11/] area, with the same file name and type. If
SCERROR:EXCESSIVE had been specified then a syntax error would
result since there are more secondary wildcards than primary
wildcards. (Strictly speaking, there are the same number or
"ordinality" of secondary and primary wildcards, but the secondary
filename wildcard "*" is bigger than the corresponding primary
filename wildcard "*" - specifying a size relationship between
wildcards refers to the cardinality of the wildcards, not the
ordinality.) Using either the ANY or the FIELD//DFIELD//AFIELD
SCWILD replacement mode the resulting files would be:/l
	DSKX:/[10,11/]ACCT.SYS/L
	DSKX:/[10,11/]AUXACC.SYS/L
	DSKX:/[10,11/]AVAIL.SYS/L
For this particular example, using the SAME//DSAME//ASAME SCWILD
replacement modes would have the same results, since for every primary
wildcard there is an EXACT matching secondary wildcard./l
/l
The specification/l
	DSKX:/[10,11/]*.* = DSKB:/[226,4563/]A?B?C?.*/L
behaves in the same way - each file in the DSKB:/[226,4563/] area
which matches the primary specification is copied into the DSKX:/[10,11/]
area, with the same file name and type. The resulting files would be:/l
	DSKX:/[10,11/]A0B1C2.DAT/L
	DSKX:/[10,11/]A3B4C5.DAT/L
	DSKX:/[10,11/]A6D7B8.DAT/L
/l
In essentially the same way, the specification/l
	DSKX:/[10,11/]A?B?C?.* = DSKB:/[226,4563/]A?B?C?.*/L
would generate exactly the same resulting files:/l
	DSKX:/[10,11/]A0B1C2.DAT/L
	DSKX:/[10,11/]A3B4C5.DAT/L
	DSKX:/[10,11/]A6D7B8.DAT/L
Note however that unlike the immediately preceding example (for which
SCERROR:EXCESSIVE will cause a syntax error because there were more
secondary wildcards than primary wildcards) this example can never
cause a syntax error because the secondary wildcards again match EXACTLY
the primary wildcards./l
/l
The above examples were all really straightforward, with the desired
results being quite "obvious" (and the same regardless of the
secondary wildcarding mode used). Now, consider the following three
not-quite-so-obvious specifications/l
	DSKX:/[10,11/]?X?Y?Z.DAT = DSKB:/[226,4563/]A?B?C?.DAT/L
	DSKX:/[10,11/]XYZ???.DAT = DSKB:/[226,4563/]A?B?C?.DAT/L
	DSKX:/[10,11/]???XYZ.DAT = DSKB:/[226,4563/]A?B?C?.DAT/L
It is at this point that the various SCWILD replacement modes start
showing their differences. The ANY and FIELD//DFIELD//AFIELD modes
still generate the same results since the total number of secondary
and primary wildcards per field is the same, but the SAME//DSAME//ASAME
modes are different since the relative placement of the secondary and
primary wildcards differ. The SAME//DSAME//ASAME modes would generate
the files:/l
	DSKX:/[10,11/]AXBYCZ.DAT // XYZ1C2.DAT // A0BXYZ.DAT/L
	DSKX:/[10,11/]AXBYCZ.DAT // XYZ4C5.DAT // A3BXYZ.DAT/L
	DSKX:/[10,11/]AXBYCZ.DAT // XYZ7C8.DAT // A6BXYZ.DAT/L
for the three specifications respectively. The ANY
or FIELD//DFIELD//AFIELD modes however would generate the files:/l
	DSKX:/[10,11/]0X1Y2Z.DAT // XYZ012.DAT // 012XYZ.DAT/L
	DSKX:/[10,11/]3X4Y5Z.DAT // XYZ345.DAT // 345XYZ.DAT/L
	DSKX:/[10,11/]6X7Y8Z.DAT // XYZ678.DAT // 678XYZ.DAT/L
for the three specifications respectively. This demonstrates one
of the two major "flexibilities" of the ANY or FIELD//DFIELD//AFIELD
modes - the ability to shift the primary-wildcard-matched characters
around in order to fill out scattered secondary wildcards. Finally,
the only error constraints which would fail these examples is again
SCERROR:DIFFERENT because, even though the total number of secondary
and primary wildcards are the same for each field, the relative
placement of the wildcards is different./l
/l
From the preceding examples, the two specifications/l
	DSKX:/[10,11/]Q*.DAT = DSKB:/[226,4563/]A*.DAT/L
	DSKX:/[10,11/]Q*.DAT = DSKB:/[226,4563/]A?B?C?.DAT/L
would always result in:/l
	DSKX:/[10,11/]Q0B1C2.DAT/L
	DSKX:/[10,11/]Q3B4C5.DAT/L
	DSKX:/[10,11/]Q6B7C8.DAT/L
	DSKX:/[10,11/]Q9XXXX.DAT (first specification only)/L
No syntax errors are possible with the first specification since
the primary and secondary wildcards EXACTLY match, but either one of
DIFFERENT or EXCESSIVE would fail the second specification since there
are more secondary wildcards than primary wildcards. (As an aside, the
construction SCERROR:(INSUFFICIENT,EXCESSIVE) may be used to guarantee
the same number of secondary and primary wildcards without requiring
that the wildcards match EXACTLY.)/l
/L
Likewise, the two specifications/L
	DSKX:/[10,11/]Q???.DAT = DSKB:/[226,4563/]A*.DAT/L
	DSKX:/[10,11/]Q???.DAT = DSKB:/[226,4563/]A?B?C?.DAT/L
would, if using the SAME//DSAME//ASAME modes, result in:/l
	DSKX:/[10,11/]Q0B1.DAT/l
	DSKX:/[10,11/]Q3B4.DAT/l
	DSKX:/[10,11/]Q6B7.DAT/l
	DSKX:/[10,11/]Q9XX.DAT (first specification only)/l
for the two specifications respectively. If, however, either of the ANY or
FIELD//DFIELD//AFIELD modes were used, the results would be different
for the two specifications, as follows:/l
	DSKX:/[10,11/]Q0B1.DAT // Q012.DAT/L
	DSKX:/[10,11/]Q3B4.DAT // Q345.DAT/L
	DSKX:/[10,11/]Q6B7.DAT // Q678.DAT/L
	DSKX:/[10,11/]Q9XX.DAT (first specification only)/l
SCERROR:INSUFFICIENT would cause a syntax error for the first
specification only, while SCERROR:DIFFERENT would cause a syntax
error for both specifications./l
/l
Finally, for this set of examples, consider the specification/l
	DSKX:/[10,11/]HOHUM?.BAR = DSKB:/[226,4563,RDH1,RDH2/]BLAH??.FOO/L
The files generated by this specification using FIELD//DFIELD//AFIELD
modes would be:/l
	DSKX:/[10,11/]HOHUM0.BAR/L
	DSKX:/[10,11/]HOHUM0.BAR/L
	DSKX:/[10,11/]HOHUM1.BAR/L
	DSKX:/[10,11/]HOHUM1.BAR/L
or, if using the SAME//DSAME//ASAME modes:/l
	DSKX:/[10,11/]HOHUMA.BAR/L
	DSKX:/[10,11/]HOHUMB.BAR/L
	DSKX:/[10,11/]HOHUMA.BAR/L
	DSKX:/[10,11/]HOHUMB.BAR/L
This example demonstrates why SCERROR:INSUFFICIENT is the
default, since the above example ends up superseding its very own
brand new files, leaving only two instead of four new files. However,
this very operation can be desired if, for example, //APPEND had been
specified as part of the output file specification, for in that case
the copy operation would have been essentially one of grouping together
and combining /[presumably/] related files. This action borders on the
esoteric, but starts to give some idea of the flexibility available
for manipulating files./l
/L
So far, all of the examples shown have avoided "field shifting" in
generating the secondary outputs. Field shifting adds another whole
dimension to the secondary wildcarding process./l
/l
Consider the fairly straight-forward Kinkyness/l
	DSKX:/[10,11,COPY,*,*/]*.* = DSKB:/[226,4563,*,*/]*.*/L
From the examples above, it might seem that the resultant files
would be:/l
	DSKX:/[10,11,COPY/]RDH1.SFD/L
	DSKX:/[10,11,COPY/]RDH2.SFD/L
	DSKX:/[10,11,COPY,RDH2/]BLAH0A.FOO/L
	DSKX:/[10,11,COPY,RDH2/]BLAH0B.FOO/L
	DSKX:/[10,11,COPY,RDH2/]BLAH1A.FOO/L
	DSKX:/[10,11,COPY,RDH2/]BLAH1B.FOO/L
which is exactly what
would happen in either SAME or FIELD mode. If DSAME or DFIELD
mode is used (or for that matter, ASAME or AFIELD mode, for this
example they are equivalent) then the secondary wildcard processor
has another option available. As the same number of secondary and
primary wildcards were specified within the directory field but in
different relative positions (in this case, different subfields), the
relative positions of the secondary and primary wildcards can be
shifted in order to re-align them, in this case by shifting the
primary directory SFD wildcards "right" one directory level. The
resulting files are then:/l
	DSKX:/[10,11,COPY/]RDH1.SFD/L
	DSKX:/[10,11,COPY,RDH1/]RDH2.SFD/L
	DSKX:/[10,11,COPY,RDH1,RDH2/]BLAH0A.FOO/L
	DSKX:/[10,11,COPY,RDH1,RDH2/]BLAH0B.FOO/L
	DSKX:/[10,11,COPY,RDH1,RDH2/]BLAH1A.FOO/L
	DSKX:/[10,11,COPY,RDH1,RDH2/]BLAH1B.FOO/L
/L
Moving along on the path to Extreme Kinkyness is the specification/l
	DSKX:/[10,11,COPY,*,*,*/]*.* = *:/[226,4563,*,*/]*.*/L
If either FIELD or SAME modes were used then the results would be the
same as in the first list of the example above. If either DFIELD or
DSAME modes were used then the results would be the same as in the
second list of the example above. But if AFIELD or ASAME were used,
allowing field shifting to//from any field,
then a new output list would be generated:/l
	DSKX:/[10,11,COPY,DSKB/]RDH1.SFD/L
	DSKX:/[10,11,COPY,DSKB,RDH1/]RDH2.SFD/L
	DSKX:/[10,11,COPY,DSKB,RDH1,RDH2/]BLAH0A.FOO/L
	DSKX:/[10,11,COPY,DSKB,RDH1,RDH2/]BLAH0B.FOO/L
	DSKX:/[10,11,COPY,DSKB,RDH1,RDH2/]BLAH1A.FOO/L
	DSKX:/[10,11,COPY,DSKB,RDH1,RDH2/]BLAH1B.FOO/L
	DSKX:/[10,11,COPY,DSKC/]RDH1.SFD/L
	DSKX:/[10,11,COPY,DSKC,RDH1/]RDH2.SFD/L
	DSKX:/[10,11,COPY,DSKC,RDH1,RDH2/]BLAH0A.FOO/L
	DSKX:/[10,11,COPY,DSKC,RDH1,RDH2/]BLAH0B.FOO/L
	DSKX:/[10,11,COPY,DSKC,RDH1,RDH2/]BLAH1A.FOO/L
	DSKX:/[10,11,COPY,DSKC,RDH1,RDH2/]BLAH1B.FOO/L
/l
Similarly, in a networking environment, the specification/l
	DSKX:/[10,11,*,*/]13JUN. = *_SYS:*.SYS/L
would, using ANY or AFIELD//ASAME mode, gather all
(.e.g, "this weeks'") scattered
(throughout the network) AVAIL.SYSes
and CRASH.SYSes together into sorted-by-name subdirectories
under /[10,11/] as so:/l
	DSKX:/[10,11,KI514,AVAIL/]13JUN./L
	DSKX:/[10,11,KI514,CRASH/]13JUN./L
	DSKX:/[10,11,KL1026,AVAIL/]13JUN./L
	DSKX:/[10,11,KL1026,CRASH/]13JUN./L
	DSKX:/[10,11,KS4101,AVAIL/]13JUN./L
	DSKX:/[10,11,KS4101,CRASH/]13JUN./L
/L
As can be readily seen from the above results, secondary wildcard
processing can indeed be flexible in gathering "dispersed" primary fields
and gathering them together in order to fill out closely related
secondary fields. The processing is symmetric - it can take closely
related primary fields and scatter them all over the secondary
file specification, as in/l
	*_*:*.* = DSKC:/[1,10,*,*/]*.*/L
The results of the above specification, using either ANY or AFIELD//ASAME
mode, would be:/l
	KI514_SYS:/[0,0/]ACCT.SYS/L
	KI514_SYS:/[0,0/]AUXACC.SYS/L
	KI514_ACT:/[0,0/]USAGE.BIN/L
	KL1026_SYS:/[0,0/]ACCT.SYS/L
	KL1026_SYS:/[0,0/]AUXACC.SYS/L
	KL1026_ACT:/[0,0/]USAGE.BIN/L
	KS4101_SYS:/[0,0/]ACCT.SYS/L
	KS4101_SYS:/[0,0/]AUXACC.SYS/L
	KS4101_ACT:/[0,0/]USAGE.BIN/L
It should be noted that, although "SYS:/[0,0/]" and "ACT:/[0,0/]"
are the actual device and directory fields generated, which might
well cause problems if talking to a VAX system, the TOPS-10
monitor treats them as (essentially) "SSL:/[1,4/]" and "SSL:/[1,7/]"
respectively. This behaviour, like most obscure behaviours, can
be very advantageously put to use by the enterprising user/f./f./f./l
/l
And penultimatly, Penultimate Kinkyness: consider the specification/l
	DSK?:/[?,?/]??????.SYS = DSKC:/[17,341/]*.*/L
Using the ANY mode, the resulting files would be:/l
	DSKC:/[1,4/]ACCT.SYS/L
	DSKC:/[1,4/]AUXACC.SYS/L
	DSKB:/[1,7/]USAGE.SYS/L
If one looks closely at the algorithm used in ANY mode it is really
quite simple - starting at the "left" and working to the "right" each
secondary wildcard character position encountered is simply filled
by the next-in-line primary wildcarded character position, without
regard to field boundries./l
/l
The SCERROR constraints, when field shifting is occurring, "shift"
along with the fields. The three specifications/l
	DSKX:/[10,11,COPY,*,*/]*.* = DSKC:/[226,4563,????,*/]*.*/L
	DSKX:/[10,11,COPY,????,*/]*.* = DSKC:/[226,4563,*,*/]*.*/L
	DSKX:/[10,11,COPY,*,*,*,*/]*.* = DSKC:/[1,4,*,*,*,*,*/]*.*/L
all have different secondary and primary wildcards. SCERROR:INSUFFICIENT
(the default) would pass the first (it would map "*,*/]*.*" from
"????,*/]*.*", which has sufficient secondary wildcards for each
primary wildcarded field) but fail both the second (it would map
"????,*/]*.*" from "*,*/]*.*", which has insufficient secondary
wildcards in the very first matched wildcarded field) and the
third (it would map "*,*,*,*/]*.*" from "*,*,*,*,*/]*.*", which
using DFIELD or DSAME modes has one too many primary wildcarded
directory name fields, or using AFIELD or ASAME has one too many
primary wildcarded fields, or using ANY has 6 (TOPS-10) too many
primary wildcarded characters). Similarly, SCERROR:EXCESSIVE
would pass the second specification but fail the first and third
specifications. SCERROR:DIFFERENT would fail all three specifications
since the first two have a "????" field mapped to//from a "*" field,
and the third has a nonexistent field mapped from a "*" field./l
/l
Up until this point all of the secondary wildcarding examples have
been restricted to the simple or "basic" wildcard constructions as
defined in the previous section on primary wildcarding. As such,/l
/l
Finally, for Ultimate Kinkyness, consider:/l
	DSKX:/[10,11/]X*Y*Z.BAR = DSKB:/[226,4563,RDH1,RDH2/]B*A?^EDB.FOO/L
/l
The interaction of secondary and advanced wildcarding is
not supported and will cause an error indication./l
[tz2.0]

[*end]