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subsys/link.hlp
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LINK is the TOPS-20 linking loader. A LINK command consists of
filespecs and switches in the following format:
*/switch input-filespec/switch output-filespec/switch<RET>
You can abbreviate switches, continue commands, and use indirect
command files. Some switches can be used as local or global
switches (these are marked below). Local switches apply to a
single file and are appended to the file. Global switches apply
to all files in the command. The /GO switch terminates the
command and exits LINK.
The following examples load ONE.REL and TWO.REL, and produce a
sharable save file, TWELVE.EXE, and map file, TWELVE.MAP:
1. The following example shows a one-line LINK command.
*ONE,TWO TWELVE/SAVE/MAP/GO
2. The next example shows a mulitple-line LINK command.
*ONE,TWO
*TWELVE/SAVE
*TWELVE/MAP
*/GO
3. This example shows a variation of a mulitple-line LINK
command.
*/MAP TWELVE ONE
*TWO
*TWELVE/SAVE/GO
When using LINK's overlay facility, the command format is:
*/OVERLAY
*file,file,file,file/LINK:ROOT
*/NODE:ROOT file,file,file/LINK:name
*/NODE:name file,file,file/LINK:name
. . .
*/GO
When loading PSECTs, you must set the origin of the PSECT in the
source program or use LINK's /SET switch, and it is recommended
that you set an upper bound using the /LIMIT switch.
The following list summarizes LINK's switches and what they do:
/ARSIZE:decimal Sets size of overlay handler's table of
multiply-defined global symbols. Use if
you receive a LNKARL, LNKTMA, or LNKABT
message when loading an overlaid
program.
/COMMON:name:decimal Allocates words of labeled common
storage.
/CONTENTS:keyword Specifies what types of symbols should
appear in the map file, if any.
Keywords: ALL [NO]ABSOLUTE
[NO]COMMON DEFAULT
[NO]ENTRY [NO]GLOBAL
[NO]LOCALS NONE
[NO]RELOCATABLE [NO]UNDEFINED
[NO]ZERO
/COUNTER Types relocation counter information.
Use to determine the size of overalys,
and PSECT origins and size.
/CPU:keyword Requires that the program run on the
named CPU type.
Keywords: KA10 KI10
KL10 KS10
/DDEBUG:keyword Selects a default debugger for /DEBUG or
/TEST.
Keywords: ALGDDT ALGOL COBDDT
COBOL DDT FAIL
FORDDT FORTRAN MACRO
SAIL SDDT SIMDDT
SIMULA PASCAL PASDDT
/DEBUG:keyword Loads a debugger and starts it
executing. This switch also turns on
/LOCALS and /SYMSEG:LOW for the
remainder of the load.
Keywords: ALGDDT ALGOL COBDDT
COBOL DDT FAIL
FORDDT FORTRAN MACRO
SAIL SDDT SIMDDT
SIMULA PASCAL PASDDT
/DEFAULT:keyword Changes LINK's defaults for missing
parts of file specs, or sets file
specific switches for the remainder of
the load.
Keywords: INPUT OUTPUT
/DEFINE:name:decimal Defines a global symbol.
/ENTRY Types all entry points loaded so far.
/ERRORLEVEL:decimal Allows typeout of messages with message
level greater than or equal to the value
specified. Setting this parameter to
less than 10 allows you to see some
extra messages that are normally
suppressed.
/EXCLUDE:name Prevents loading of the named module
from the input file.
/EXECUTE Tells LINK to start the program after
loading is completed.
/EXIT Exits LINK without loading the program.
Use /GO to load the program and exit
LINK
/FRECOR:decimal Maintains space between LINK's internal
areas to cut down on the amount of
shuffling done. The default value is
1024.
/GO Ends loading after the current file and
exits LINK.
/HASHSIZE:decimal Sets the mimimum size of LINK's global
symbol hash table, to cut down on the
number of rehashes needed. The default
value is 251.
/HELP:arg Types a help file for LINK. The switch
argument is optional. The SWITCHES
keyword gives a list of legal switches.
The TEXT keyword gives a brief
description of LINK-specific switches.
/INCLUDE:name Loads the named module from the current
file, and tells LINK to process the file
in include mode, so that no other
modules get loaded from the file unless
they are needed to satisfy undefined
globals and the current file is being
loaded in library search mode. Can be a
local or global switch.
/LIMIT:psect:address Sets an upper bound to which the PSECT
should not load. If the PSECT grows to
the specified bound, LINK sends a
warning message, and continues loading.
The output file is incomplete and should
NOT be used. Move the PSECTS farther
apart in memory, and reload the program.
/LINK:name Closes off the current overlay link and
gives it the specified name.
/LOCALS Tells LINK to remember the local symbols
from all of the modules in the current
file. These are valuable if you want a
map or a runtime symbol table. Can be a
local or global switch.
/LOG Requests a log file of the loading
process.
/LOGLEVEL:decimal Allows messages with message level
greater than or equal to the value
specified to be written in the log file.
Setting this parameter to less than 10
allows you to get messages that are
normally suppressed.
/MAP:keyword Requests a map of the program being
loaded.
Keywords: END NOW ERROR
/MAXNODE:n Specifies the number of links to be
defined when an overlaid program
requires more than 256 links. This
switch must be place after the /OVERLAY
switch and must precede the first /NODE
switch.
/MESSAGE Specifies message length. See also
/VERBOSITY
Keywords: [NO]PREFIX [NO]FIRST
[NO]CONTINUATION
/MISSING Types a list of modules requested by a
global /INCLUDE that have not yet been
seen.
/NEWPAGE:keyword Sets the relocation counter to the first
word of the next page.
Keywords: LOW HIGH
/NODE:linkid Opens an overlay link. This link is a
successor link or of the named link.
The linkid may be either the name or the
number of the node.
/NOENTRY:name Tells LINK that the named entry into the
current overlay link is not referenced
by other links, thus saving some table
space at runtime.
/NOINCLUDE Tells LINK not to process the current
file in include mode. This means that
the entire file will be loaded unless
you have requested library search mode.
/NOINITIAL Prevents loading of LINK's internal copy
of the JOBDAT symbols, and requests a
library search of SYS:JOBDAT.REL at the
end of loading if any undefined globals
remain.
/NOJOBDAT Prevents LINK from building a JOBDAT or
vestigial JOBDAT area, and causes LINK
to create a new PDV (Program Data
Vector).
/NOLOCAL Prevent LINK from remembering any local
symbols from the current file. Can be a
local or global switch.
/NOREQUEST:name Tells LINK that the named symbol that is
referenced in the current overlay link
but defined in other(s) is not actually
referenced at runtime. This saves table
space at runtime.
/NOSEARCH Turns off library search mode for the
current file. Can be a local or global
switch.
/NOSTART Tells LINK to ignore any start addresses
in the current file. Can be a local or
global switch.
/NOSYMBOL Tells LINK that you do not need the
local symbols for any module loaded. If
LINK has already saved some, it throws
them away.
/NOSYSLIBRARY:keyword Prevents the normal search of the named
system library at the end of loading.
Keywords: ANY ALGOL BCPL
COBOL FORTRAN NELIAC
PASCAL SAIL SIMULA
/NOUSERLIBRARY Discontinues automatic searching of user
libraries at each /LINK or /GO switch.
/ONLY:keyword Loads only the named segment of modules
in the current file. Can be a local or
global switch.
Keywords: HIGH LOW BOTH
/OPTION Reads your SWITCH.INI file to determine
the specified switch defaults for LINK.
/OTSEGMENT:keyword Controls whether the runtime system
should be loaded by LINK or brought in
at runtime from SYS: by the program
itself.
Keywords: SHARABLE NONSHARABLE
DEFAULT
/OVERLAY:keyword Tells LINK that you wish to load an
overlay structure, and names the .OVL
and .EXE files if associated with a file
name. This switch must appear before
any .REL files have been loaded.
Keywords: ABSOLUTE RELOCATABLE
[NO]LOGFILE [NO]WARNING
WRITABLE TREE
/PATCHSIZE:decimal Controls the size of the PAT.. area that
is allocated if a runtime symbol table
is requested.
/PLOT:keyword Requests a tree diagram of your overlay
structure in a format suitable for
output on a plotter.
Keywords: INCHES:decimal
LEAVES:decimal
STEPS:decimal
/PLTTYP:keyword Allows specification of the plot file
format.
Keywords: DEFAULT PLOTTER PRINTER
/PSCOMMON:psect:common Cause the FORTRAN common having the name
"common" to be loaded into the specified
psect. If "common" is omitted, the
"blank common" is assumed. This switch
must precede any attempt to load the
specified common and must also precede
use of the /COMMON switch in declaring
the size of the common.
/PVBLOCK:keyword Requests a PDV (Program Data Vector) and
specifies where the vector goes.
Keywords: DEFAULT NONE
HIGH LOW
PSECT:name
/PVDATA:keyword:value Changes the contents of a PDV (Program
Data Vector) specified with the /PVBLOCK
switch.
Keywords: CBLOCK EXPORT
NAME MEMORY
PROGRAM VERSION
/REDIRECT:lpsect:hpsect Causes LINK to load low segment code
into the psect "lpsect" and high segment
code into the psect "hpsect". Either
"lpsect" or "hpsect" may be omitted, and
the second colon is optional if
"highpsect" is omitted.
/REQUEST Types external global symbol references.
/REQUIRE:name Generates a global request for the named
symbol.
/RUN:file Tells LINK to run the program after it
is loaded.
/RUNAME:name Sets the name of the program being
loaded.
/RUNOFFSET:n Runs the program specified in a /RUN
switch with an offset.
/SAVE Tells LINK to create a sharable save
file. If you omit the file type, LINK
uses .EXE.
/SEARCH Tells LINK to load selectively from the
current file, in library search mode.
Only modules that satisfy undefined
global symbols are loaded. Can be a
local or global switch.
/SEGMENT:keyword Loads low and high segment code from the
current file into the named segment.
PSECT code is not affected. Can be a
local or global switch.
Keywords: DEFAULT LOW
HIGH NONE
/SEVERITY:decimal Causes messages with severity greater
than or equal to the specified value to
be fatal, aborting the load. Setting
this parameter to 8 will cause most
warnings to become fatal.
/SET:name:octal Sets the loading address of a PSECT, or
sets the .HIGH. or .LOW. relocation
counter.
/SPACE:decimal Reserves the specified amount of space
for runtime buffers after the current
overlay link.
/START:address Specifies the start address for the
loaded program, and prevents replacement
by any other start addresses found
later. The address may be a global
symbol or an octal number. Can be a
local or global switch.
/SUPPRESS Suppresses a previously defined global
symbol.
/SYFILE:keyword Tells LINK to output a symbol file to
the current file, and sets
/SYMSEG:DEFAULT.
Keywords: ALGOL RADIX50 TRIPLET
/SYMSEG:keyword Places the symbol table immediately
following the named segment or PSECT.
Keywords: DEFAULT NONE
HIGH LOW
PSECT:name
/SYSLIBRARY:keyword Explicitly searches one or more system
libraries. LINK automatically searches
system libraries at the end of the load
or each overlay link.
Keywords: ANY ALGOL BCPL
COBOL FORTRAN NELIAC
PASCAL SAIL SIMULA
/TEST:keyword Loads a debugger but does not start its
execution. This switch also turns on
/LOCALS and /SYMSEG:LOW for the
remainder of the load.
Keywords: ALGDDT ALGOL COBDDT
COBOL DDT FAIL
FORDDT FORTRAN MACRO
SAIL SDDT SIMDDT
SIMULA PASCAL PASDDT
/UNDEFINED Types a list of global symbols that are
not yet defined.
/UPTO:address Prevents the symbol table from growing
past the specified address. The address
may be a global symbol or an octal
number.
/USERLIBRARY:keyword Tells LINK to search the current file
before searching system libraries. The
keyword indicates that the given library
is to be searched only if a module from
the corresponding compiler was loaded.
Keywords: ANY ALGOL BCPL
COBOL FORTRAN NELIAC
PASCAL SAIL SIMULA
/VALUE:symbol Types the name, value, and attributes of
the specified symbol.
/VERBOSITY:keyword Tells LINK how much of each message to
type.
Keywords: SHORT MEDIUM LONG
/VERSION:version Sets the version of a file if specified
for an output file, or for the program
and all output files otherwise.