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                               SECTION 10

             ATOM, STRING, ARRAY, AND STORAGE MANIPULATION



10.1 Pnames and Atom Manipulation

The  term  "print  name"  (of  an atom)  in  LISP  1.5  referred  to the
characters that were output whenever the atom was printed.   Since these
characters were stored  on the atom's  property list under  the property
PNAME, pname was used interchangeably with "print name".   In INTERLISP,
all pointers have pnames,  although only literal atoms and  strings have
their pname explicitly stored.

The pname  of a pointer  are those characters  that are output  when the
                               1
pointer is printed using prin1,

                                     2
e.g., the  pname of  the atom  ABC%(D  consists  of the  five characters
ABC(D.  The pname of the  list (A B C) consists of the  seven characters
(A B C) (two of the characters are spaces).

Sometimes we will have occasion to refer to the prin2-pname.

The  prin2-pname  are  those characters  output  when  the corresponding
pointer is printed using prin2.

                                                                     3
Thus the prin2-pname of the atom ABC%(D is the six characters ABC%(D.


------------------------------------------------------------------------
1
    except  that for  the purposes  of the  functions described  in this
    chapter, i.e., unpack, nchars, etc. the prin1-pname of an integer is
    defined as though radix=10. Note that integers will still be printed
    by  prin1  using the  current  radix, as  described  in  Section 14.
    However, we want pack[unpack[X9]] to always be X9 (and not sometimes
    X11) regardless of the setting of the radix.

2
    % is the escape character. See Sections 2 and 14.

3
    Note that the  prin2-pname also depends  on what readtable  is being
    used  (see Section  14),  since this  determines where  %'s  will be
    inserted. Note also  that the prin2-pname  of an integer  depends on
    the setting of radix.




                                  10.1



pack[x]                 If x is a list of atoms, the value of pack  is a
                        single atom whose pname is the  concatenation of
                        the   pnames   of   the   atoms   in   x,  e.g.,
                        pack[(A BC DEF G)]=ABCDEFG.  If the pname of the
                        value  of  pack[x]  is the  same  as  that  of a
                        number,  pack[x]  will  be  that  number,  e.g.,
                        pack[(1 3.4)]=13.4, pack[(1 E -2)]=.01.

                        Although x is usually a list of atoms, it can be
                        a  list  of arbitrary  INTERLISP  pointers.  The
                        value of pack is still a single atom whose pname
                        is the same  as the concatenation of  the pnames
                        of all the pointers in x, e.g.,
                        pack[((A B)"CD")] = %(A% B%)CD.

                        In other words, mapc[x;prin1] and prin1[pack[x]]
                                                        4
                        always produce the  same output.  In  fact, pack
                        actually  operates by  calling prin1  to convert
                        the pointers to a stream of  characters (without
                        printing)  and then  makes  an atom  out  of the
                        result.


Note:  In  INTERLISP-10,  atoms  are  restricted  to  < 127  characters.
Attempting to create a larger atom  either via pack or by typing  one in
(or reading from a file) will cause an error, ATOM TOO LONG.


unpack[x;flg;rdtbl]     The value of unpack is the pname of x as  a list
                                              5
                        of characters (atoms),  e.g.,
                             unpack[ABC] = (A B C)
                             unpack["ABC(D"] = (A B C %( D)
                        In      other      words       prin1[x]      and
                        mapc[unpack[x];prin1] produce the same output.

                        If  flg=T, the  prin2-pname of  x is  used, (and
                        computed   with   respect   to    rdtbl)   e.g.,
                        unpack["ABC(D";T]=  (%" A B C %( D %").


Note: unpack[x] performs n conses,  where n is the number  of characters
in the pname of x.


dunpack[x;scratchlist;flg;rdtbl]


------------------------------------------------------------------------
4
    Except  for integers  when  radix is  other than  10,  e.g., mapc[(X
    9);PRIN1] produces X11 when radix is 8, but  pack[(X 11Q)]=X9.  (See
    footnote 1.)

5
    There are no special  "character-atoms" in INTERLISP, i.e.,  an atom
    consisting of a single character is the same as any other atom.




                                  10.2



                        a destructive  version of  unpack that  does not
                        perform any conses but instead  uses scratchlist
                        to make a  list equal to unpack[x;flg].   If the
                        p-name  is  too  long  to  fit  in  scratchlist,
                        dunpack calls unpack and  returns unpack[x;flg].
                        Gives an error if scratchlist is not a list.


                                                            6
nchars[x;flg;rdtbl]     number of characters  in pname of x.   If flg=T,
                        the prin2-pname is used.  E.g.  nchars["ABC"]=3,
                        nchars["ABC";T]=5.


nthchar[x;n;flg;rdtbl]  Value   is  nth   character  of   pname   of  x.
                        Equivalent   to   car[nth[unpack[x;flg];n]]  but
                        faster and does  no conses.  n can  be negative,
                        in which case counts from end of pname, e.g., -1
                        refers to the  last character, -2 next  to last,
                        etc.   If  n  is  greater  than  the  number  of
                        characters in the pname, or less than minus that
                        number, or 0, the value of nthchar is NIL.


packc[x]                like  pack  except  x  is  a  list  of character
                              7
                        codes,   e.g., packc[(70 79 79)]=FOO.


chcon[x;flg;rdtbl]      like unpack, except returns the pname of x  as a
                        list of character codes,  e.g., chcon[FOO] = (70
                        79 79).  If flg=T, the prin2-pname is used.


chcon1[x]               returns  character  code of  first  character of
                        pname  of   x,  e.g.,   chcon1[FOO] = 70.   Thus
                        chcon[x]      could      be      written      as
                        mapcar[unpack[x];chcon1].


dchcon[x;scratchlist;flg;rdtbl]
                        similar to dunpack


character[n]            n is a character code.  Value is the atom having
                        the  corresponding   single  character   as  its



------------------------------------------------------------------------
6
    Both nthchar and  nchars work much  faster on objects  that actually
    have an internal representation of their pname, i.e.,  literal atoms
    and strings, than they do on numbers and lists, as they do  not have
    to simulate printing.

7
    INTERLISP-10 uses ASCII code.




                                  10.3



                              8
                        pname,     e.g.,    character[70] = F.     Thus,
                        unpack[x]      could      be      written     as
                        mapcar[chcon[x];character].


fcharacter[n]           fast version of character that compiles open.


gensym[char]            Generates a  new atom of  the form  xnnnn, where
                        x=char (or A  if char is  NIL) in which  each of
                        the  n's  is  a  digit.   Thus,  the  first  one
                        generated  is  A0001,  the  second  A0002,  etc.
                        gensym provides  a way  of generating  new atoms
                        for various uses  within the system.   The value
                        of gennum, initially 10000, determines  the next
                        gensym,  e.g.,  if  gennum  is  set   to  10023,
                        gensym[]=A0024.


The term gensym  is used to  indicate an atom  that was produced  by the
function gensym.  Atoms  generated by gensym are  the same as  any other
literal  atoms: they  have  property lists,  and can  be  given function
definitions.  Note that the atoms are not guaranteed to be new.


For example, if the user has previously created A0012, either  by typing
it in, or via pack or gensym itself, when gennum gets to 10011, the next
value returned by gensym will be the A0012 already in existence.


mapatoms[fn]            Applies fn to every literal atom in  the system,
                        e.g.,
                        mapatoms[(LAMBDA(X)(AND(SUBRP X)(PRINT X)))]
                        will  print every  subr.  Value  of  mapatoms is
                        NIL.


10.2 String Functions

stringp[x]              Is x if x  a string, NIL otherwise.  Note:  if x
                        is a string, nlistp[x] is T, but atom[x] is NIL.


strequal[x;y]           Is  x if  x and  y are  both strings  and equal,
                        i.e.,  print  the same,  otherwise  NIL..  Equal
                        uses strequal.  Note  that strings may  be equal
                        without being eq.


mkstring[x]             Value is string corresponding to prin1 of x.




------------------------------------------------------------------------
8
    See footnote 2.




                                  10.4



rstring[]               Reads a string - see Section 14.


substring[x;n;m]        Value is  the substring of  x consisting  of the
                        nth through mth characters  of x.  If m  is NIL,
                        the substring is the nth character of x thru the
                        end of x.  n  and m can be negative  numbers, as
                        with nthchar.  Returns  NIL if the  substring is
                        not well  defined, e.g., n  or m >  nchars[x] or
                        < minus[nchars[x]]   or  n   corresponds   to  a
                        character  in x  to the  right of  the character
                        indicated by m.

                        If   x   is   not   a   string,   equivalent  to
                        substring[mkstring[x];n;m],   except   substring
                        does not have to  actually make the string  if x
                                                   9
                        is    a    literal    atom.      For    example,
                        substring[(A B C);4;6]="B C".


gnc[x]                  get  next character  of string  x.   Returns the
                        next character of the string, (as an  atom), and
                        removes the character from the  string.  Returns
                        NIL  if  x is  the  null string.  If  x  isn't a
                        string, a string  is made.  Used  for sequential
                        access to characters of a string.

                        Note that if x is a substring of y,  gnc[x] does
                        not  remove  the  character  from  y,  i.e., gnc
                        doesn't   physically   change   the   string  of
                        characters,  just  the  pointer  and   the  byte
                              10
                        count.


glc[x]                  gets last character of string x.   Above remarks
                        about gnc also supply to glc.


concat[x1;x2;...;xn]    lambda nospread function.   Concatenates (copies
                        of) any  number of  strings.  The  arguments are
                        transformed to  strings if they  aren't strings.
                        Value     is    the     new     string,    e.g.,
                        concat["ABC";DEF;"GHI"] = "ABCDEFGHI".       The
                        value of concat[] is the null string, "".


rplstring[x;n;y]        Replace  characters  of  string  x  beginning at



------------------------------------------------------------------------
9
    See string storage section that follows.

10
    See string storage section that follows.




                                  10.5



                        character n with string y.  n may be positive or
                        negative.  x and  y are converted to  strings if
                        they  aren't  already.   Characters  are smashed
                        into (converted)  x.  Returns  new x.   Error if
                        there is not enough  room in x for y,  i.e., the
                                                                      11
                        new string would be longer than  the original.
                        Note that if x is a substring of z, z  will also
                        be modified by the action of rplstring.


mkatom[x]               Creates an atom whose pname is the same  as that
                        of the string x or if x isn't a string, the same
                        as that of mkstring[x], e.g., mkatom[(A B C)] is
                        the atom  %(A% B% C%).  In INTERLISP-10,  if the
                        atom  would  have  > 126  characters,  causes an
                        error, ATOM TOO LONG.


Searching Strings

strpos  is a  function  for searching  one string  looking  for another.
Roughly it  corresponds to  member, except that  it returns  a character
position number  instead of a  tail.  This number  can then be  given to
substring or utilized in other calls to strpos.


strpos[x;y;start;skip;anchor;tail]
                        x  and  y are  both  strings (or  else  they are
                        converted automatically).  Searches  y beginning
                        at character number  start, (or else 1  if start
                        is NIL) and  looks for a sequence  of characters
                        equal  to   x.   If  a   match  is   found,  the
                        corresponding  character  position  is returned,
                        otherwise NIL, e.g.,
                        strpos["ABC","XYZABCDEF"]=4
                        strpos["ABC","XYZABCDEF";5]=NIL
                        strpos["ABC","XYZABCDEFABC";5]=10

                        skip can  be used  to specify  a character  in x
                        that matches any character in y, e.g.,
                        strpos["A&C&";"XYZABCDEF";NIL;&]=4

                        If  anchor  is  T, strpos  compares  x  with the
                        characters  beginning at  position start,  or 1.
                        If  that  comparison fails,  strpos  returns NIL
                        without searching any  further down y.   Thus it
                        can  be used  to  compare one  string  with some
                        portion of another string, e.g.,
                        strpos["ABC";"XYZABCDEF";NIL;NIL;T]=NIL
                        strpos["ABC";"XYZABCDEF";4;NIL;T]=4


------------------------------------------------------------------------
11
    If y was not a  string, x will already have been  partially modified
    since rplstring does not know whether y will "fit"  without actually
    attempting the transfer.




                                  10.6



                        Finally,  if tail  is T,  the value  returned by
                        strpos  if   successful  is  not   the  starting
                        position   of   the   sequence   of   characters
                        corresponding  to  x, but  the  position  of the
                        first character after that, i.e., starting point
                        plus               nchars[x]               e.g.,
                        strpos["ABC";"XYZABCDEFABC";NIL;NIL;NIL;T]=7.
                        Note that  strpos["A";"A";NIL;NIL;NIL;T]=2, even
                        though "A" has only one character.


Example Problem

Given the strings  x, y, and  z, write a function  foo that will  make a
string  corresponding  to that  portion  of  x between  y  and  z, e.g.,
foo["NOW IS THE TIME FOR ALL GOOD MEN";"IS";"FOR"] is " THE TIME ".

Solution:

(FOO
  [LAMBDA (X Y Z)
    (AND (SETQ Y (STRPOS Y X NIL NIL NIL T))
         (SETQ Z (STRPOS Z X Y))
         (SUBSTRING X Y (SUB1 Z])


strposl[a;str;start;neg]str  is  a  string  (or  else  it  is  converted
                        automatically  to  a  string), a  is  a  list of
                                                            12
                        characters   or   character   codes.     strposl
                        searches str beginning at character number start
                        (or  else  1  if  start=NIL)  for  one   of  the
                        characters  in  a.   If  one  is  found, strposl
                        returns as its value the corresponding character
                        position,       otherwise       NIL.       E.g.,
                        strposl[(A B C);"XYZBCD"]=4.  If  neg=T, strposl
                        searches  for  a  character  not  on   a,  e.g.,
                        strposl[(A B C); "ABCDEF";NIL;T]=4.

                        If a is an array, it is treated as a  bit table.
                        The  bits of  (ELT A 1) correspond  to character
                        codes 0  to 43Q,  of (ELT A 2)  to codes  44Q to
                        107Q, etc.   Thus an  array whose  first element
                        was   17Q  would   be  equivalent   to   a  list
                        (40Q 41Q 42Q 43Q) or (%   ! %" #).







------------------------------------------------------------------------
12
    If any element  of a is  a number, it is  assumed to be  a character
    code. Otherwise,  it is  converted to a  character code  via chcon1.
    Therefore, it  is more efficient  to call strposl  with a a  list of
    character codes.




                                  10.7



If a  is not a  bit table (array),  strposl first converts  it to  a bit
table using makebittable  described below.  If  strposl is to  be called
frequently with the same list of characters, a considerable  savings can
be achieved by converting the list to a bit table once, and then passing
the bit table to strposl as its first argument.


makebittable[l;neg;a]   makes a bit  table suitable for use  by strposl.
                        l and  neg are as  for strposl.  If  a is  not a
                        suitable  array,  makebittable  will  create  an
                        array and return  that as its  value.  Otherwise
                        it uses (and changes) a.


Note: if neg=T, strposl must call makebittable whether a is a list or an
array.  To obtain bit  table efficiency with neg=T,  makebittable should
be  called  with  neg=T,  to construct  the  "inverted"  table,  and the
resulting table (array) should be given to strposl with neg=NIL.


String Storage

A string  is stored  in 2  parts; the  characters of  the string,  and a
pointer to the characters.  The pointer, or "string  pointer", indicates
the byte at which  the string begins and  the length of the  string.  It
occupies one word  of storage.  In  INTERLISP-10, the characters  of the
string are stored five characters to a word in a portion of  the address
space devoted exclusively to storing characters.

Since the internal pname of literal atoms also consists of a  pointer to
the beginning  of a string  of characters and  a byte  count, conversion
between  literal  atoms  and strings  does  not  require  any additional
storage for the characters of  the pname, although one cell  is required
                       13
for the string pointer.  

When the conversion is  done internally, e.g., as in  substring, strpos,
or strposl, no  additional storage is  required for using  literal atoms
instead of strings.

The use of storage by the basic string functions is given below:


mkstring[x]        x string            no space
                   x literal atom      new pointer
                   other               new characters and pointer

substring[x;n;m]   x string            new pointer
                   x literal atom      new pointer
                   other               new characters and pointer



------------------------------------------------------------------------
13
    Except when the string is to be smashed by rplstring. In  this case,
    its characters  must be copied  to avoid smashing  the pname  of the
    atom. rplstring automatically performs this operation.




                                  10.8



gnc[x] and glc[x]  x string            no space, pointer is modified
                   other               like  mkstring, but  doesn't make
                                       much sense

concat[x1;x2;...xn]args any type       new  characters  for   whole  new
                                       string, one new pointer

rplstring[x;n;y]   x string            no  new  space  unless characters
                                       are in pname space (as  result of
                                       mkstring[atom])  in which  case x
                                       is quietly copied to string space
                   x other             new pointer and characters
                   y any type          type of y doesn't matter


10.3 Array Functions

Space for arrays  and compiled code are  both allocated out of  a common
array space.  Arrays of pointers and unboxed numbers may  be manipulated
by the following functions:


array[n;p;v]            This function allocates a block of n+2 words, of
                        which the first two are header information.  The
                        next  p <= n  are  cells  which   will  contain
                        unboxed numbers, and are initialized  to unboxed
                        0.   The  last  n-p >= 0  cells   will  contain
                        pointers initialized with v, i.e., both  car and
                        cdr are  available for storing  information, and
                        each initially  contain v.   If p  is NIL,  0 is
                        used  (i.e., an  array containing  all INTERLISP
                        pointers).   The value  of array  is  the array,
                        also  called  an array  pointer.   If sufficient
                        space is not available for the array,  a garbage
                        collection of array space, GC: 1,  is initiated.
                        If this is unsuccessful in  obtaining sufficient
                        space, an error is generated, ARRAYS FULL.


Array-pointers print as #n, where  n is the octal representation  of the
pointer.  Note that #n will be read as a literal atom, and not  an array
pointer.


arraysize[a]            Returns  the  size  of  array  a.   Generates an
                        error, ARG NOT ARRAY, if a is not an array.


arrayp[x]               Value is  x if x  is an array  pointer otherwise
                        NIL.  No check is made to ensure that x actually
                        addresses the beginning of an array.


swparrayp[x]            Value  is  x  if x  is  a  swappable  array, NIL
                        otherwise.







                                  10.9



                                                                  14
elt[a;n]                Value  is  nth  element of  the  array  a.   elt
                        generates an error, ARG  NOT ARRAY, if a  is not
                                                  15
                        the beginning of an array.   If n corresponds to
                        the unboxed region of a, the value of elt is the
                        full  36 bit  word, as  a boxed  integer.   If n
                        corresponds  to  the pointer  region  of  a, the
                        value   of  elt   is   the  car   half   of  the
                        corresponding element.


seta[a;n;v]             sets the nth element of the array  a.  Generates
                        an  error,  ARG  NOT  ARRAY,  if  a  is  not the
                        beginning of an  array. If n corresponds  to the
                        unboxed region of a, v must be a number,  and is
                        unboxed and  stored as a  full 36 bit  word into
                        the nth element of  a.  If n corresponds  to the
                        pointer region of a, v replaces the car  half of
                        the nth element.  The value of seta is v.


Note that seta and elt are always inverse operations.


eltd[a;n]               same as elt for unboxed region of a, but returns
                        cdr half of nth element, if n corresponds to the
                        pointer region of a.


setd[a;n;v]             same as seta for  unboxed region of a,  but sets
                        cdr half of nth element, if n corresponds to the
                        pointer region of a.  The value of setd is v.

In other words, eltd and setd are always inverse operations.


10.4 Storage Functions

reclaim[n]              Initiates a garbage collection of type n.  Value
                        of  reclaim is  number of  words  available (for
                        that type) after the collection.


Garbage collections, whether invoked directly by the user  or indirectly
by need for  storage, do not confine  their activity solely to  the data



------------------------------------------------------------------------
14
    elt[a;1] is the first element of the array (actually  corresponds to
    the 3rd cell because of the 2 word header).

15
    arrayp is true for pointers  into the middle of arrays, but  elt and
    seta must be given a pointer  to the beginning of an array,  i.e., a
    value of array.




                                 10.10



type for which they were  called, but automatically collect some  or all
of the other types (see Section 3).


ntyp[x]                 Value  is  type  number  for  the  data  type of
                        INTERLISP pointer  x, e.g., ntyp[(A . B)]  is 8,
                        the type number for lists.  Thus GC: 8 indicates
                        a garbage collection of list words.


                             type                      number
                        arrays, compiled code            1
                        machine code                     2
                        swapped array handles            4
                        stack pointers                   5
                        list words                       8
                        atoms                           12
                        floating point numbers          16
                        large integers                  18
                        small integers                  20
                        string pointers                 24
                        pname storage                   28
                                                                16
                        string storage                  30


typep[x;n]              eq[ntyp[x];n]


gcgag[message]          affects messages  printed by  garbage collector.
                        If message=T,  whenever a garbage  collection is
                        begun,  GC:  is printed,  followed  by  the type
                        number.    When   the   garbage   collection  is
                        complete, two numbers are printed the  number of
                        words  collected for  that type,  and  the total
                        number of words  available for that  type, i.e.,
                        allocated but  not necessarily currently  in use
                        (see minfs below).

                        Example:
                        _RECLAIM(18)

                        GC: 18
                        511, 3071 FREE WORDS
                        3071
                        _RECLAIM(12)

                        GC: 12
                        1020, 1020 FREE WORDS
                        1020




------------------------------------------------------------------------
16
    New  user data  types  (see Section  23) are  assigned  type numbers
    beginning with 31.




                                 10.11



                        If message=NIL, no garbage collection message is
                        printed,  either  on  entering  or  leaving  the
                        garbage collector.

                        If message is a list, car of message  is printed
                        (using  prin1)  when the  garbage  collection is
                        begun, and cdr is printed when the collection is
                        finished.   If  message  is  a  literal  atom or
                        string,  message  is  printed  when  the garbage
                        collection is begun, and nothing is printed when
                        the collection finishes.

                        If message is a number, the message is  the same
                        as for gcgag[T],  except if the total  number of
                        free  pages left  after the  collection  is less
                        than  message,  the  number  of  free  pages  is
                        printed, e.g.,

                        _GCGAG(100)
                        T
                        _RECLAIM()

                        GC:8
                        10369, 10369 FREE WORDS, 87 PAGES LEFT.

                        The initial setting for gcgag is 40.

                        The value of gcgag is its previous setting.


minfs[n;typ]            Sets the  minimum amount  of free  storage which
                        will be maintained by the garbage  collector for
                        data types  of type number  typ.  If,  after any
                        garbage collection for  that type, fewer  than n
                        free words are present, sufficient  storage will
                        be added (in 512 word chunks) to raise the level
                        to n.

                        If typ=NIL, 8 is used, i.e., the minfs refers to
                        list words.

                        If  n=NIL,  minfs  returns  the   current  minfs
                        setting for the corresponding type.

A minfs setting can also  be changed dynamically, even during  a garbage
collection,  by typing  control-S followed  by a  number, followed  by a
       17
period.   If the  control-S was typed  during a garbage  collection, the



------------------------------------------------------------------------
17
    When the control-S is typed, INTERLISP immediately clears  and saves
    the input  buffer, rings  the bell,  and waits  for input,  which is
    terminated by any non-number. The input buffer is then restored, and
    the program continues. If the  input was terminated by other  than a
    period, it is ignored.




                                 10.12



number is the new minfs setting for the type being  collected, otherwise
for type 8, i.e., list words.


Note:  A garbage  collection of  a "related"  type may  also  cause more
storage  to  be  assigned  to  that  type.   See  discussion  of garbage
collector algorithm, Section 3.


storage[flg]            Prints amount of  storage (by type  number) used
                        by and assigned to the user, e.g.,

                        _STORAGE()
                        TYPE USED      ASSIGNED
                        1    8927      12288
                        2    5120      5120
                        4    23        512
                        8    6037      15360
                        12   2169      3584
                        16   0         512
                        18   173       2048
                        24   110       2048
                        28   802       2048
                        30   312       512
                        SUM  23673     44032

                        If flg=T, includes storage used by  and assigned
                        to the system.  Value is NIL.


gctrp[n]                garbage collection  trap.  Causes  a (simulated)
                        control-H interrupt when the number of free list
                        words (type 8) remaining equals n, i.e.,  when a
                        garbage collection would occur in n more conses.
                        The  message  GCTRP  is  printed,  the  function
                        interrupt (Section  16) is  called, and  a break
                        occurs.   Note  that  by  advising  (Section 19)
                        interrupt the user can program the handling of a
                                                            18
                        gctrp instead of going into a break.

                        Value of gctrp is its last setting.

                        gctrp[-1] will "disable" a previous  gctrp since
                        there are  never -1 free  list words.   gctrp is
                        initialized this way.



------------------------------------------------------------------------
18
    For gctrp  interrupts, interrupt  is called  with intype  (its third
    argument) equal to 3. If the user does not want to go into  a break,
    the advice should still allow interrupt to be entered, but first set
    intype to  -1. This  will cause  interrupt to  "quietly" go  away by
    calling the  function that  was interrupted.  The advice  should not
    exit interrupt  via return, as  in this case  the function  that was
    about to be called when the interrupt occurred would not be called.




                                 10.13



                        gctrp[] returns number of list words left, i.e.,
                        number  of  conses  until  next  type  8 garbage
                        collection, see Section 21.


conscount[n]            conscount[]  returns  number  of   conses  since
                        INTERLISP started up.   If n is not  NIL, resets
                        conscount to n.


closer[a;x]             Stores x into memory  location a.  Both x  and a
                        must be numbers.


openr[a]                Value is the number in memory location  a, i.e.,
                        boxed.














































                                 10.14