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The DUMPER Program
DUMPER is a TOPS-20 utility program used to save files on magnetic
tape, and later to restore any or all of these files to a specified
directory on disk. DUMPER is available to both nonprivileged and
privileged users. (Throughout this chapter, the term "operator" is
occasionally used instead of privileged user.) As a nonprivileged
user, you can use DUMPER to save your own files or any files to which
you have access, by transferring them from the disk to a 9-track
magnetic tape (DUMPER does not function on a 7-track magnetic tape
drive), and later restoring them to disk. As a privileged user, you
can use DUMPER to:
o save other users' files and directory information on tape
o back up the system files (copy all files onto tape for an
indefinite period of time)
o archive users' files (copy files marked for storage onto tape
and delete them from disk)
o migrate users' files (copy files onto tape and delete them
from the disk) to create added disk space
o restore other users' files
o retrieve previously archived or migrated files.
If your installation is using a Version 6-based TOPS-20 monitor,
DUMPER supports encrypted passwords and project-programmer numbers
(PPN). Earlier versions of DUMPER, however, do not support the
password encryption and PPN features. Therefore, use extreme caution
when changing versions of DUMPER and the TOPS-20 monitor.
The length of time files remain on tape is determined by each
installation. In general, however, archived files are kept longer
than backup files. Archiving is voluntary on the part of the
nonprivileged user; migrating is not.
Note: To understand DUMPER, you should be particularly familiar with
the following commands: MOUNT TAPE, DISMOUNT TAPE, DEFINE, ASSIGN,
and INFORMATION. (See the TOPS-20 Commands Reference Manual.)
Features
The following is a list of DUMPER's most useful features.
o With DUMPER, you can specify particular files to be
transferred between disk and tape. For example, you can
specify files using the standard TOPS-20 file specification
format of dev:<dir>name.typ.gen and/or you can select files
based on the dates and times that the files were created,
modified, or accessed. Other conditions can also be set; if
the file meets all conditions, it is transferred.
o You can save a set of files that exceeds one reel of magnetic
tape. If all files specified cannot fit on one tape, DUMPER
continues the operation on subsequent tapes (except in
INTERCHANGE mode, which allows only one tape).
o As a privileged user, you can transfer files marked for
archival by another user. This ensures that those files are
saved for a period of time (determined by each installation)
for future use or reference.
o As a privileged user, you can migrate files from disk to tape
that have not been referenced within a specified period of
time (as defined by each installation).
o As a means of verification, you can request that file names,
directory names, and saveset names be printed during save and
restore operations.
o DUMPER can read and write tapes written under older versions
of DUMPER.
DUMPER COMMANDS
All of the DUMPER commands are listed below. Each command includes a
brief description, command type (status-setting, action, or
tape-positioning), and description of optional arguments. Where
applicable, there is an indication that the command is for privileged
users only.
[NO] ABEFORE (DATE AND TIME) date time Status-Setting
Saves or restores only files that were typed, printed, or read
(as maintained by .FBREF) before the specified date and time.
Default: Date - none; Time - 00:00:01
ABORT Action
Cancels an interrupted CHECK, RESTORE, SAVE, RETRIEVE or
tape-positioning command and allows you to issue a new action
command. ABORT can be used only after you have typed the
<CTRL/E> command. The ABORT command does not reposition the
tape.
ACCOUNT (OF RESTORED FILES FROM) argument Status-Setting
Restores files with either the system (SYSTEM-DEFAULT) account or
the account stored with the file (TAPE).
Default: TAPE
ARCHIVE (DISK FILES) Action
Saves files that have been marked for offline storage. Archiving
is voluntary on the part of the user.
(Privileged User Only)
[NO] ASINCE (DATE AND TIME) date time Status-Setting
Saves or restores only files that were typed, printed, or read
(as maintained by .FBREF) since the specified date and time.
Default: Date - none; Time - 00:00:01
[NO] BEFORE (DATE AND TIME) date time Status-Setting
Saves or restores only files that were created or modified (as
maintained by .FBCRV and .FBWRT) before the specified date and
time.
Default: Date - none; Time - 00:00:01
CHECK (ALL TAPE FILES) Action
Checks every File Descriptor Block (FDB) in the current saveset
against the FDBs of the corresponding files on disk.
Corresponding files must have the same name, structure,
directory, type, and generation number for the check to be made.
The CHECK command cannot be used with the date and time commands.
[NO] CHECKSUM (FILES) type Status-Setting
Activates or suppresses checksumming during the PRINT command.
Two types may be specified: SEQUENTIAL (for INTERCHANGE mode) or
BY-PAGES (that checks every word of every page).
Default: NO CHECKSUM
CONTINUE Action
Continues a CHECK, RESTORE, RETRIEVE, or SAVE, after you have
interrupted the command with <CTRL/E>.
[NO] CREATE (DIRECTORIES FROM TAPE DATA) Status-Setting
Creates or does not create user directories from directory
information on the tape.
Default: NO CREATE.
(Privileged User Only)
<CTRL/A> Action
Prints one line of status information. The information includes
the command in process, and, for certain operations, the file and
disk pages DUMPER is currently processing.
<CTRL/E> Action
Halts the action of a CHECK, RESTORE, RETRIEVE, SAVE, or
tape-positioning command. DUMPER responds with INTERRUPTING...
and its prompt. You then issue the ABORT, CONTINUE, or any
status-setting command.
DENSITY (OF MAGTAPE) n Status-Setting
Sets the tape density to the given number of bits per inch
(bits/in): 200, 556, 800, 1600, 6250, or JOB-DEFAULT (set by the
system command SET TAPE DENSITY). If no DENSITY command is
given, DUMPER uses the job default density on the first tape.
This command has no effect on Labeled tapes.
Default: The density listed in the TOPS-20 command INFORMATION
(ABOUT) TAPE-PARAMETERS.
[NO] DIRECTORIES Status-Setting
Reactivates or suppresses printing, on your terminal, directory
names as DUMPER saves or restores each directory.
Default: DIRECTORIES
EOT Tape-positioning
Positions the mounted tape at the end of the last saveset written
on the tape. DUMPER prints all existing saveset names and the
message:
End of Tape
[NO] EXACT Action
Saves or restores files without translating logical names into
actual structure names.
Default: NO EXACT
EXIT Action
Exits to TOPS-20 command level. (Same as the QUIT command.)
[NO] FILES Status-Setting
Reactivates or suppresses printing file specs on your terminal,
as DUMPER saves or restores each file.
Default: NO FILES
FORMAT (VERSION NUMBER IS) n Status-Setting
Allows DUMPER to read tapes written with previous versions of
DUMPER.
Default: Version 6
HELP Action
Prints a list of all valid DUMPER commands on your terminal.
INITIAL (FILESPEC) file spec Status-Setting
Begins a SAVE with the specified file.
[NO] INTERCHANGE (FORMAT) Status-Setting
Allows or does not allow DUMPER to read tapes written with the
TOPS-10 BACKUP program or to write tapes to be read by the
TOPS-10 BACKUP program. (INTERCHANGE should not be used when
writing tapes to be read by another TOPS-20 system.)
Default: DUMPER format
[NO] LIST (LOG INFORMATION ON FILE) file spec Status-Setting
Prints or does not print a list, in the specified file, of all
files as DUMPER saves them.
Default: NO LIST
Default file spec: LPT:DUMPER.LOG
The LIST/MAIL command creates a DUMPER-MAIL.TXT file that is used
with the MAIL command to notify users that you have completed the
SAVE or RESTORE operation.
(Privileged User Only)
Default: /NOMAIL
MAIL file spec Action
Sends mail notifying a user that a SAVE, ARCHIVE, MIGRATE or
RETRIEVE has been completed.
Default: Last file name used in the LIST/MAIL command.
(Privileged User Only)
[NO] MBEFORE (DATE AND TIME) date time Status-Setting
Transfers only files modified (changed, created, appended, or
renamed as maintained by .FBCRE) before the specified date and
time.
Default: Time=00:00:01
MIGRATE Action
Saves files that have been marked for involuntary offline storage
by the REAPER program.
(Privileged User Only)
[NO] MSINCE (DATE AND TIME) date time Status-Setting
Transfers only files modified (as maintained by .FBCRE) since the
specified date and time.
Default: Time=00:00:01
NO DATES Status-Setting
Disables all the date and time commands at once. The date and
time commands are ABEFORE, ASINCE, BEFORE, MBEFORE, MSINCE, and
SINCE.
PARITY (OF MAGNETIC TAPE) parity Status-Setting
Sets the parity of the mounted tape to EVEN or ODD.
Default: The parity listed in the TOPS-20 command INFORMATION
(ABOUT) TAPE-PARAMETERS
PRINT (DIRECTORY OF TAPE ONTO FILE) destination Action
Records a printed list of file names in the specified file. The
list contains file specifications of all existing files on the
entire tape beginning at the current saveset.
Default: Prints on your terminal
PROTECTION (OF RESTORED FILES FROM) argument Status-Setting
Restores files with SYSTEM-DEFAULT protection or protection taken
from TAPE.
Default: TAPE (if the PROTECTION command is omitted).
Argument Default: None; you must specify one or the other.
QUIT Action
Exits to TOPS-20 command level. (Same as the EXIT command.)
RESTORE (TAPE FILES) source (TO) destination Action
Restores the magnetic tape source file(s) to disk with the given
destination file specifications. If you are restoring files from
a directory other than your connected directory, you must specify
that directory in the source file specification. If files exist
in the destination directory with the same names and types as the
files on tape, DUMPER restores the files according to the
specification of the SUPERSEDE command: ALWAYS, NEVER, OLDER
Default: Source file spec = all files in the current saveset
that were saved under the connected structure and directory; if
you are privileged, all files in all directories on your
connected structure.
Destination file spec = same names and types as the files on
tape.
(Privileged User Only):
The FDB of each file contains information that reflects whether a
file is archived or migrated, and, if so, the volume identifiers
of the DUMPER tapes that contain the file. The /TAPE-INFORMATION
switch instructs DUMPER to restore this information to the FDBs
of the files that are being restored. /NOTAPE-INFORMATION
requests that this information not be restored.
Default: /TAPE-INFORMATION
RETRIEVE (FILES) file spec Action
Instructs DUMPER to process the requests in the system's file
retrieval queue.
Default: Process all files in the queue
(Privileged User Only)
REWIND argument Tape-Positioning
Positions the specified tape at the beginning of the tape. If
the argument is CURRENT-VOLUME, DUMPER rewinds the currently
mounted tape to the beginning. If the argument is SWITCHING (TO
VOLUME NUMBER) n, DUMPER releases the currently mounted tape,
requests volume n of the multi-reel tape set, and rewinds it to
the beginning.
Default: CURRENT-VOLUME
SAVE (DISK FILES) source (AS) destination Action
Saves the disk source file(s) onto magnetic tape. If all files
cannot fit on one tape, DUMPER requests that the next volume in
the set be mounted.
Default: Source file spec = all files in your connected
directory; if you are privileged, all files in all directories on
your connected structure.
Destination file spec = same names and types as the files on
disk. (Privileged User Only):
The following switches can be appended to the SAVE command:
/FULL-INCREMENTAL for a system backup of all files. (This
also marks all files as having been saved.)
/INCREMENTAL:n for a daily backup of files that either have
not been saved on at least n tapes, or have been modified
since the last INCREMENTAL or FULL-INCREMENTAL run.
Default: /INCREMENTAL:1
/NOINCREMENTAL for a backup of all files. /NOINCREMENTAL
overrides the CREATE command.
/UNLOAD to request that DUMPER unload the tape after the
SAVE is complete.
Default: /NOINCREMENTAL
NOTE
Unless one of these switches is used, directory
information is not saved on the tape.
SET BLOCKING-FACTOR (TO) n (RECORDS) Status-Setting
Sets the number of logical records per physical record written on
tape by DUMPER. The range must be between 1 and 15.
Default: 1 record
SET TAPE-NUMBER (DECIMAL NUMBER) n Status-Setting
Assigns a number to a new tape when you continue a restore after
a crash, or when you restore a file nonsequentially from a
multi-reel saveset.
[NO] SILENCE Status-Setting
Activates or suppresses the printing of directory names and file
specifications on your terminal, as files are saved or restored.
NO SILENCE is equivalent to FILES and DIRECTORIES.
Default: NO FILES, DIRECTORIES
[NO] SINCE (DATE AND TIME) date time Status-Setting
Transfers only files created or whose contents were changed since
the specified date and time.
Default: Time = 00:00:01
SKIP (NUMBER OF SAVESETS) n Tape-Positioning
Skips over n savesets. The skip can be directed forward (n),
backwards (-n), or to the beginning of the current saveset (0).
Labeled tapes do not support zero or backward (-n) skips.
SSNAME name Status-Setting
Specifies the name to be written in the saveset header on the
tape. The name can be any string of up to 200 characters. It is
printed on your terminal whenever you save or restore files.
Default: Existing saveset name, if any.
SUPERSEDE condition Status-Setting
Sets the condition under which DUMPER rewrites a disk file with a
magnetic tape file of the same name and file type. You must
specify one of three conditions:
1. ALWAYS - to supersede the file on disk regardless of the last
write date or generation number of that file.
2. NEVER - to never supersede the disk file; the specified file
is written to disk only if there is no existing disk file
with the same name and file type.
3. OLDER - to supersede the disk file only when the file on tape
is newer (i.e., has a later write date and/or a higher
generation number than the file on disk).
Default: SUPERSEDE OLDER (if the SUPERSEDE command is omitted)
TAKE (COMMANDS FROM FILE) file spec Action
Instructs DUMPER to execute commands from the specified command
file. Commands are executed until the end of the command file is
reached or until DUMPER encounters an error. Commands are not
echoed on the terminal as they are processed.
TAPE (DEVICE) name: Status-Setting
Specifies the tape device to be used for file transfers. The
name can be either a physical device (MT1:) or a logical name
(TAPE1:).
NOTE
If you define the mounted tape as MTA-DUMPER:, you can
omit the DUMPER command TAPE. If you use the RETRIEVE
command you do not need to use the TAPE command.
TRANSFER Action
Restores files from tape to disk. The TRANSFER command defaults
to DSK*:<*>*.*.* for an input file specification and your
connected directory for a destination specification.
UNLOAD
Used to rewind a tape onto the source reel if your installation
does not have tape drive allocation enabled.
Dumper Messages
The messages printed by DUMPER fall into three general categories:
warning messages, fatal errors, and those requiring some action.
Warning messages are preceded by a percent sign (%) and indicate that
something unexpected occurred, but that DUMPER was able to recover.
In this case, verify that the process in progress at the time of the
warning is correct. Fatal errors are preceded by a question mark (?),
and indicate an occurrence that DUMPER could not handle. In this
case, DUMPER aborts the operation, and you must fix the problem before
reissuing your command string.
In cases where an internal or system problem results in an error
message, the best (and usually only) way to deal with the internal
problem is to contact your Software Specialist or submit a Software
Performance Report (SPR) to DIGITAL.
Some of the messages contain information that is dependent on the
exact command string or file you specified. These message variables
are as follows:
<action> A suggested course of action.
<cmd> A DUMPER command.
<dev> A device name.
<dir> The name of a directory.
<file> A file specification.
<n> or <m> The number of a page or record, or other integer.
<reason> The reason for the error.
For a listing and description of the messages generated by DUMPER, see
the TOPS-20 User Utilities Manual.