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                            DC72 Cookbook





                         Doc #          100-120-022-00
                         Date:          30-Jul-75
                         File:          DC72CK.RNO
                         Edition:       2























 COPYRIGHT 1973, 1974, 1975, DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORP., MAYNARD, MASS.

This document reflects the software as of version 11 for  the  DECSYNC
DC72, and version 0 for the network DC72NP.

This software is furnished to the purchaser under a license for use on
a  single  computer  system and can be copied (with inclusion of DEC's
copyright notice) only for use in such system, except as may otherwise
be provided in writing by DEC.

The information in this document is subject to change  without  notice
and  should  not  be  construed  as  a commitment by Digital Equipment
Corporation.

Actual distribution of the software described  in  this  specification
will be subject to terms and conditions to be announced at some future
date by Digital Equipment Corporation.

DEC assumes no responsibility  for  the  use  or  reliability  of  its
software on equipment which is not supplied by DEC.
DC72 COOKBOOK                                                   Page 2


                               CONTENTS



1.0       System Description
1.1       Hardware Description
1.1.1     DC72
1.1.1.1   DC72A
1.1.1.2   DC72B
1.1.1.3   DC72C
1.1.1.4   DC72L
1.1.2     DC71
1.1.3     DC75
1.1.4     DS10
1.2       SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION
1.2.1     DC72
1.2.2  Synchronous Front End 2.0 Installation Hints
2.1       DP8E Diagnostic
2.2       DP8E ECO's
2.3       Line Printer Carriage Control
3.0       Building Station Software
3.1       Assembling Station Software
3.1.1     Making a Configuration File - C.PAL
3.1.2     Running PAL10
3.1.3     Listing the DC72(DC71) Software
3.2       Punching a Binary Card Deck or Paper Tape
3.2.1     Punching a Binary Card Deck
3.2.2     Punching a Binary Paper Tape
4.0       System Operation
DC72 COOKBOOK                                                   Page 3












                               FOREWORD

This document provides detailed technical information concerning  DC72
and  DC71 Remote Stations.  It describes two distinct software systems
that run on the same hardware, namely the DC72 DECSYNC software (which
runs  with  monitors  prior to and including 5.07/6.01) and the DC72NP
network software, which  runs  with  DECNET-10.   This  document  will
continue  to  refer  to  the  hardware  as  a  DC72  (or DC71) without
qualification, whereas it will  carefully  distinguish  the  software,
either by explicitly naming the DC72NP when the newer network software
is meant, or by using the qualifiers DECSYNC and "network" to refer to
the older and newer protocols respectively.

It is assumed the reader is familiar with computer concepts in general
and  timesharing  utilization  of  the DECsystem-10.  The DECsystem-10
Users Handbook is a good introduction.
DC72 COOKBOOK                                                   Page 4
1.0 System Description


1.0  System Description



1.1  HARDWARE DESCRIPTION



1.1.1  DC72



1.1.1.1  DC72A  - A DC72A includes a PDP-8/E computer with 8192 12-bit
words  of  core  memory, a ROM, a line-frequency clock, a 300 cpm card
reader, and a light duty printer.  The printer  will  print  full  132
column lines up to 53 lines/minute.



1.1.1.2  DC72B  - A DC72B includes a PDP-8/E computer with 8192 12-bit
words  of  core  memory, a ROM, a line-frequency clock, a 300 cpm card
reader, and a 64-character set printer.  The printer will  print  full
132 column lines up to 245 lines/minute.



1.1.1.3  DC72C  - A DC72C includes a PDP-8/E computer with 8192 12-bit
words  of  core  memory, a ROM, a line-frequency clock, a 300 cpm card
reader, and a 96-character set printer.  The printer will  print  full
132 column lines up to 173 lines/minute.



1.1.1.4  DC72L  - Up to two DC72L's may be installed on each DC72.   A
DC72L provides interfacing for up to 8 full-duplex teletype compatible
terminals operating at 110, 150, 300, 1200/150, or 2400/150 baud.



1.1.2  DC71.

A DC71 includes a PDP-8/I computer with 8192 or  more  words  of  core
memory, a line frequency clock, a 300 cpm card reader, a line printer,
and optionally up to 16 DC02F teletype lines.



1.1.3  DC75.

A DC75 includes a PDP11 computer with at least 4096  16-bit  words  of
memory,  a  linefrequency  clock,  a  DS11  multiple  line synchronous
interface, and a DL10 with DL10C.
DC72 COOKBOOK                                                   Page 5
1.0 System Description


1.1.4  DS10.

A DS10 is a single line synchronous interface to the PDP-10  I/O  bus.
It  is  used  only  with  DECSYNC remote stations, and hence only with
monitor 5.07/6.01 or earlier.



1.2  SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION




1.2.1  DC72

There are two sets  of  software  which  run  in  the  DC72  and  DC71
hardware.   They  are  distinguished  by  the  protocol  they  use  in
communicating with the DECsystem-10.  The older one uses  the  DECSYNC
protocol,  and  runs  with the DECSYNC version of the DC75.  The newer
one is a part of DECNET-10, and runs with either a DC75NP or  a  DN85.
The  NP  stands  for new protocol, and refers to the use of DDCMP, NCS
and Device Control.



1.2.2  Synchronous Front End

The two versions of the DC72 code  mentioned  in  the  last  paragraph
require  different synchronous front ends -- the DECSYNC DC72 requires
a DC75 whereas the new protocol DC72NP requires either a DC75  running
new protocol software (known as the DC75NP) or a DN85.
DC72 COOKBOOK                                                   Page 6
2.0 Installation Hints


2.0  INSTALLATION HINTS



2.1  DP8E DIAGNOSTIC

When the DP8E (DC72 synchronous line interface) diagnostic is  run  by
field  service(and  inplant  acceptance) there are jumpers on the DP8E
which must be changed!!  Be certain that  these  jumpers  are  changed
back when the station software is executed.



2.2  DP8E ECO's

Eco's M866 #9 and M839 #5 for the DP8E prevent the receive  half  from
adding to the transmit memory.  These must be installed for successful
station operation.



2.3  LINE PRINTER CARRIAGE CONTROL

LP02 line printers have a jumper which either enables printing  across
the  paper  fold,  or provides automatic skipping to top-of-form after
60(app.) lines.  The station  software  simulates  a  vertical  format
unit(VFU).  For proper operation of the VFU simulation the jumper must
be set to enable printing across the paper fold.
DC72 COOKBOOK                                                   Page 7
3.0 Building Station Software


3.0  Building Station Software



3.1  ASSEMBLING STATION SOFTWARE

The station software is assembled from two source files:  1.) DC72.PAL
(or  DC72NP.PAL  if  new  protocol)  distributed  by  DEC  2.) C.PAL a
configuration file created by the installation.  PAL10 v142 is used to
assemble the code.



3.1.1  Making a Configuration File - C.PAL

To reassemble the  station  software  an  installation  must  build  a
configuration  file,  C.PAL with TECO.  C.PAL will contain a number of
symbol definitions.  These symbols control whether code  is  assembled
for  a  PDP-8/I  or  PDP-8/E computer;  what devices are present;  how
many tty's are present, and what type.

If the binary file is to run on a DC72(PDP-8/E)  station  include  the
line:
                    PDP8=2
If the binary file is to run on a DC71(PDP-8/I)  station  include  the
line:
                    PDP8=1

Always include the line:
                    TTYN=#
where # is the number of tty lines  (do  not  count  the  CTY)  to  be
handled  by the station program.  The number # is octal and is usually
0 or 10 or 20.This number must agree with the value assembled  in  the
DECsystem-10 monitor if the DC72 is running under DECSYNC..

Carriage widths, fill class, and hardware tabs may  be  specified  for
each tty.  A few examples follow:

                    CTYFIL=2 /CTY IS FILL CLASS 2
                    CTYTAB=1 /CTY HAS HARDWARE TABS
                    CTYWID=110 /CTY HAS 72(DECIMAL) COLUMN CARRIAGE
                    T00TAB=0 /TTY0 DOESN'T HAVE HARDWARE TABS
                    T00WID=144 /TTY0 HAS 100(DECIMAL) COLUMN CARRIAGE
                    T00FIL=3 /TTY0 IS FILL CLASS 3
                    T17TAB=1 /TTY17 HAS HARDWARE TABS

All lines which are not specified will be assumed to have  72(decimal)
column  carriages,  fill  class  1,  and  tabs  will be simulated with
multiple spaces, and line feeds.

If the station is DECSYNC and is to  operate  with  a  monitor  before
601/507 include the line:
                    FT507=0
If the station is DECSYNC and is to operate with a 601/507 include the
DC72 COOKBOOK                                                   Page 8
3.0 Building Station Software


line:
                    FT507=1
This affects how control R and control T are echoed from TTY's.

The station name may be changed by  including  a  definition  for  the
macro DC72ID.  For DECSYNC stations, the name is only used in messages
displayed to the console and terminals.  In "New  Protocol"  stations,
the  name  is  the node name of the station, and must be unique within
the network.  An example follows:
                    DEFINE DC72ID <
                    "T;"E;"S;"T
                    >
Each character in the name must be preceeded  by  a  double  quotation
mark  and  each  character  except  the  last  must  be  followed by a
semicolon.

The "New Protocol"  software  also  requires  a  unique  node  number.
Include the line
                    OURNNM=#
Replace "#" with the octal node number (1-63) you wish  to  assign  to
this remote station.

If the line printer has both  upper  and  lower  case  characters(e.g.
DC72C) include the line:
                    FTLPLC=1


An example of how to create a possible DECSYNC configuration file is:
               .R TECO
               *EWDSK:C.PAL$
               IPDP8=2 /ASSEMBLE FOR A PDP-8/E
               TTYN=20 /ASSEMBLE 16(DECIMAL) TTYS+CTY
               T0TAB=1 /TTY0 HAS HDW TABS
               FT507=1 /ASSEMBLE WITH 507 CONTROL R AND T
               $EX$$
An example for a network configuration is:
               .R TECO
               *EWDSK:C.PAL$
               IPDP8=1 /ASSEMBLE FOR A PDP-8/I
               TTYN=10 /ASSEMBLE 8(DECIMAL) TTYS+CTY
               OURNNM=26 /NODE NUMBER IS 26
               DEFINE DC72ID <"N;"Y;"C> /NODE NAME IS 'NYC'
               $EX$$



3.1.2  Running PAL10

The commands for assembling a DECSYNC remote station are:

               .R PAL10
               *DSK:PCH.BIN,DSK:DC72.CRF/C/N=DSK:C.PAL,DSK:DC72.PAL

The commands for assembling a DC72NP node are:
DC72 COOKBOOK                                                   Page 9
3.0 Building Station Software


               .R PAL10
               *DSK:PCH.BIN,DSK:DC72/C/N=DSK:C.PAL,DSK:DC72NP.PAL



3.1.3  Listing the DC72(DC71) Software

To produce a listing of the DC72(DC71) station software after
performing the steps in 3.1.1 and 3.1.2 perform the following steps:

               .R CREF
               *LPT:=DSK:DC72.CRF



3.1.4  Assembling DC72NP Auxiliary Programs

Operation of the network DC72NP software  (not  the  DECSYNC  version)
requires  that  two additional programs be assembled, the line-printer
dump  routine  (file  DUMP.PAL  on  the  distribution  tape)  and  the
down-line  bootstrap  (BOOT.PAL).  The first provides a listing of the
contents of memory in the remote station (mostly used in the event  of
a  crash);   the  second allows loading of the remote station over the
synchronous line.




3.1.4.1  DUMP.PAL -- Dump Program

When the old DECSYNC DC72 software crashed (or if the user started  it
at  location  201)  it produced a dump on the line-printer (or console
teletype if no printer  was  available)  automatically.   Because  the
network  software  requires more space for network functions, the dump
routine has become a separate program.

There are four things about the DUMP program which the user  may  want
to change:  whether the dump prints on the line-printer or the console
teletype, how many memory fields it dumps, which field it runs in, and
where  within  that  field  it is loaded.  The first two depend on the
hardware (is a line printer  available?,  how  many  fields  does  the
machine   have?)  whereas  the  second  two  depend  on  the  software
configuration of the remote station and rarely need  to  be  modified.
There  are default values for all four which should be correct in most
cases.  If any one of them is not correct,  the  user  must  create  a
configuration  file  (called  "D.PAL") for the dump program with TECO.
This configuration file should contain a line for each parameter which
the user wants to be different from the default.  The parameters are:

  1) The symbol LPTN controls where the dump is printed.  If the line
                         LPTN=0
     is included in D.PAL, the output will go to the console teletype.
     If the line
                         LPTN=1      /default
DC72 COOKBOOK                                                  Page 10
3.0 Building Station Software


     is included (or if nothing about the  parameter  "LPTN"  appears)
     the dump will go to the line printer.
  2) The symbol FIELDS controls how many memory fields the  dump  will
     print.   Most  DC72's  have 2 fields (i.e. 0 and 1), but some may
     have more.  If the line
                         FIELDS=n
     is included in D.PAL "n" fields (0 to n-1) will  be  included  in
     the  dump.   If  nothing appears in D.PAL concerning FIELDS or if
     the line
                         FIELDS=2      /default
     appears, two fields will be dumped (0 and 1).
  3) The  symbol  EXFLD  controls  which  field  contains   the   dump
     program.If the line
                         EXFLD=n
     is included in D.PAL the dump program will run in field "n".   If
     no  value  is given for EXFLD, the dump program will run in field
     0.  For the considerations  involved  in  picking  the  value  of
     EXFLD, see below.
  4) The symbol START  controls  the  starting  address  of  the  dump
     program.  If the line
                         START=aaaa
     is included in D.PAL,  the  dump  program  will  start  at  octal
     address "aaaa".  This address must be on a page boundary (i.e. it
     must end in at least 2 zeroes).  If no value is given for  START,
     the   default   address   used  is  200.   (This  overwrites  the
     initialization   code   with   the   dump   program.)   For   the
     considerations involved in picking a value for START, see below.

It may be necessary to specify a different field and starting  address
for  the dump program because it must be loaded on top of two pages of
the remote station program, thereby wiping out  any  information  that
those pages might have contained.  However, since the default location
for the dump is in the initialization code of  the  DC72NP,  which  is
protected  (somewhat)  from  modification by the fact that most of the
time the data field is field 1 (hence it is hard to clobber field  0),
changing  these parameters should be necessary only rarely.  If it is,
select two pages which do not seem to be relevant to  the  crash,  set
EXFLD  to  the  field they are in, and set START to the address of the
first.

An example of the commands needed to create a configuration  file  for
the DUMP program is:

                    .R TECO
                    *EWDSK:D.PAL$
                    IFIELDS=3 /DUMP FIELDS 0-2
                    LPTN=0 /ON CONSOLE
                    $ex$$
DC72 COOKBOOK                                                  Page 11
3.0 Building Station Software


To assemble a DUMP with all default parameters, type:
                    .R PAL10
                    *DSK:PCH.BIN=DSK:DUMP.PAL
and to assemble one with a configuration file type:
                    .R PAL10
                    *DSK:PCH.BIN=DSK:D.PAL,DSK:DUMP.PAL



3.2  PUNCHING A BINARY CARD DECK OR PAPER TAPE

After the DECSYNC station software has been assembled it must  be  put
on  a  medium the station can read, usually cards, but sometimes paper
tape.  The DC72NP network software  doesn't  require  punching  either
cards  or tape, since the remote station may be down-line loaded.  See
section 4.1.5 for details of down-line loading.



3.2.1  Punching a Binary Card Deck

The program "8CARDS" is used to punch a binary deck of cards from  two
files,  1.) DSK:CLDR.BIN;  and 2.) DSK:PCH.BIN.  The file CLDR.BIN may
be found on the distribution tape, or may be assembled with PAL10 from
CLDR.PAL  which  is on the distribution tape.  The file PCH.BIN is the
binary output resulting  from  the  assembly  of  the  remote  station
described above.



3.2.2  Punching a Binary Paper Tape

An alternate method of loading a DC72 is with paper tape.   "PIP"  the
binary  output file, PCH.BIN, to the central station PTP, using the /I
switch.  e.g.:
                    .R PIP
                    *PTP0:/I=DSK:PCH.BIN
The output tape can be read  by  the  binary  loader.   Consult  PDP-8
documentation  for use of the BINARY LOADER.  The starting address for
the station software is 200 in field 0.
DC72 COOKBOOK                                                  Page 12
4.0 System Operation - Loading


4.0  SYSTEM OPERATION This section describes  the  procedure  used  to
load  the  DC72  with  the appropriate remote station software, how to
start it running, and what sorts of messages might appear while it  is
running.

The old protocol DC72 is loaded via cards  or  paper  tape;   the  new
protocol  DC72NP  is loaded from the synchronous line (this process is
called down-line loading).  However, the bootstrap program which  runs
in  the  PDP-8  to  do the down-line load must be loaded from cards or
paper tape.

Most of the messages that the DC72 prints either on the CTY or on  the
user  terminal  are  the  same  for both the old protocol and the new.
Those that are not are marked "DECSYNC Only" for the old protocol, and
"DC72NP Only" for the new protocol.



4.1  LOADING DC72(DC71)

A DC72(DC71) may be loaded either from a card deck or from paper tape.
The  program  8CARDS  is  used  to  punch  a  binary deck for a remote
station, see 3.3 for more details.  The binary output from  the  PAL10
assembler  may  be  "PIP'ed" to the DECsystem-10 high speed paper tape
punch using /I to make a paper tape to load.

If a card deck is out of sequence or mispunched the card  loader  will
always  stop  on  the same card.  If a card deck is out of sequence it
may be sorted on card columns 78-80.  If a card deck is mispunched,  a
new deck must be punched.

The normal starting address is 0200.  Starting the DC72(DC71)  program
at 0201 will produce a dump on the line printer



4.1.1  Loading DC72 from cards.

This is the normal loading procedure for DC72's.  It is often possible
to skip steps a.  through d.

    a. Open the door concealing the PDP-8/E consol.  Be sure  the
       computer  consol lock is either in the POWER or PANEL LOCK
       position.

    b. Be sure the red power switch is on.

    c. Stop the computer by momentarily pressing the halt switch.

    d. Be sure the switch labeled SW is in the up position.   The
       front door may now be replaced.
DC72 COOKBOOK                                                  Page 13
4.0 System Operation - Loading


    e. Place the deck of cards in the card reader, and ready  the
       reader  by  pressing  the reset button on the front of the
       card reader.

    f. Momentarily press the INITIALIZE switch.  This will load a
       short  card  loader  from  the ROM into core and start it.
       The deck should read in and begin execution.  If the cards
       stop  reading  because  of  a  read check or a pick check,
       restart this procedure at step e.



4.1.2  Alternate DC72 card loading procedure;  DC71 card loading.

This procedure may be used to load the DC72 if the ROM  loader  fails.
This is the normal procedure for loading the DC71.

    a. Be sure the computer consol lock is in the POWER position,
       and be sure PANEL LOCK is not set.

    b. Stop the computer by momentarily pressing  the  HALT(STOP)
       switch.

    c. Toggle the card loader into the second memory  bank  (i.e.
       field 1) by performing the following steps:

         For the DC72 put 0011 in the  SWITCH  REGISTER  then
         press  the  EXTD ADDR LOAD switch;  then put 7570 in
         the SWITCH REGISTER then press the ADDR LOAD switch.
         For the DC71 put  117570  in  the  SWITCH  REGISTER;
         then press the LOAD ADD switch.
         One at a time load the  following  values  into  the
         switch  register and raise the DEP switch after each
         value is loaded.
                             6672
                             5370
                             6631
                             5372
                             6634
                             3270
                             2375
                             5372
         It is good practice to verify the deposits were made
         correctly.
         For the DC72 put 7570 in  the  SWITCH  REGISTER  and
         then  press  ADDR LOAD;  select MD register display;
         repeatedly press EXAM.
         For the DC71 put 117570 in the SWITCH  REGISTER  and
         then press LOAD ADD;  repeatedly press EXAM.

    d. Place the cards in the reader  and  ready  the  reader  by
       pressing the RESET button on the front of the reader.
DC72 COOKBOOK                                                  Page 14
4.0 System Operation - Loading


    e. For the DC72 put 7570 in  the  SWITCH  REGISTER  and  then
       press  the  ADDR  LOAD  switch;   press  the CLEAR switch;
       press the CONT switch.
       For the DC71 put 117570 in the SWITCH  REGISTER  and  then
       press the LOAD ADD switch;  press the START switch.
       The deck should read in and  begin  to  execute.   If  the
       reader  stops  because  of  a read check, or a pick check,
       restart the procedure at step b.



4.1.3  Loading DC72(DC71) from low speed paper tape.

The following procedure may be used to load a DC72(DC71) when the card
reader is not operational.

    a. Check to be sure the consol lock is in the POWER position,
       and check that PANEL LOCK is not set.

    b. Stop the DC72(DC71) by momentarily pressing the  HALT(RUN)
       switch.

    c. Toggle the  RIM  loader  into  memory  by  performing  the
       following steps:
         On a DC72 put 0011 in the SWITCH REGISTER  and  then
         press  EXTD  ADDR  LOAD;   put  7756  in  the SWITCH
         REGISTER and then press ADDR LOAD.
         On a DC71 load 117756 in  the  switch  register  and
         then press LOAD ADD.
         One at a time load the  following  values  into  the
         switch  register and raise the DEP switch after each
         value is loaded.
                             6032
                             6031
                             5357
                             6036
                             7106
                             7006
                             7510
                             5357
                             7006
                             6031
                             5367
                             6034
                             7420
                             3776
                             3376
                             5356
         It is good practice to verify the deposits were made
         correctly.
         For the DC72 put 7756 in  the  SWITCH  REGISTER  and
         then  press  ADDR LOAD;  SELECT MD register display;
         repeatedly press EXAM.
         For the DC71 put 117756 in the SWITCH  REGISTER  and
DC72 COOKBOOK                                                  Page 15
4.0 System Operation - Loading


         then press LOAD ADD;  repeatedly press EXAM.

    d. Place the BINARY loader in the low  speed  reader  on  the
       CTY.   Position the tape so that leader(octal 200) is over
       the read station.

    e. For the DC72 put 7756 in the SWITCH  REGISTER  then  press
       the  ADDR LOAD switch;  press the CLEAR switch;  press the
       CONT switch.
       For the DC71 put 117756 in the SWITCH REGISTER then  press
       the LOAD ADD switch;  press the START switch.

    f. After the BINARY LOADER has been read stop the  DC72(DC71)
       by momentarily pressing the HALT(STOP) switch.

    g. Place the binary paper tape for the  station  in  the  low
       speed  reader.  Position the tape so the leader(octal 200)
       is over the read station.

    h. For the DC72 put 7777 in  the  SWITCH  REGISTER  and  then
       press  the  ADDR  LOAD  switch;   press  the CLEAR switch;
       press the CONT switch.
       For the DC71 put 117777 in the SWITCH  REGISTER  and  then
       press the LOAD ADD switch;  press the START switch.

    i. For a DC72 set the register select switch to AC.
       When the BINARY LOADER has finished reading the paper tape
       check  to be sure the contents of the AC are zero.  If the
       AC is nonzero a checksum error has occurred, obtain a  new
       tape and begin again.

    j. For the DC72 put 0000 in  the  SWITCH  REGISTER  and  then
       dpress  the  EXTD  ADDR  LOAD;   put  0200  in  the SWITCH
       REGISTER and  then  press  ADDR  LOAD;   press  the  CLEAR
       switch;  press the CONT switch.
       For the DC71 put 000200 in the SWITCH  REGISTER  and  then
       press the LOAD ADD switch;  press the START switch.
       The station should now begin SYSCHK.



4.1.4  Loading DC72(DC71) from high speed paper tape.

The following procedure may be  used  to  load  a  DC72(DC71)  if  the
station has a high speed paper tape reader:

    a. Check to be sure the consol lock is in the POWER position,
       and check that PANEL LOCK is not set.

    b. Stop the DC72(DC71) by momentarily pressing the  HALT(RUN)
       switch.
DC72 COOKBOOK                                                  Page 16
4.0 System Operation - Loading


    c. Toggle the  RIM  loader  into  memory  by  performing  the
       following steps:
         On a DC72 put 0011 in the SWITCH REGISTER  and  then
         press  EXTD  ADDR  LOAD;   put  7756  in  the SWITCH
         REGISTER and then press ADDR LOAD.
         On a DC71 load 117756 in  the  switch  register  and
         then press LOAD ADD.
         One at a time load the  following  values  into  the
         switch  register and raise the DEP switch after each
         value is loaded.
                             6014
                             6011
                             5357
                             6016
                             7106
                             7006
                             7510
                             5374
                             7006
                             6011
                             5367
                             6016
                             7420
                             3776
                             3376
                             5357
         It is good practice to verify the deposits were made
         correctly.
         For the DC72 put 7756 in  the  SWITCH  REGISTER  and
         then  press  ADDR LOAD;  SELECT MD register display;
         repeatedly press EXAM.
         For the DC71 put 117756 in the SWITCH  REGISTER  and
         then press LOAD ADD;  repeatedly press EXAM.

    d. Place  the  BINARY  loader  in  the  high  speed   reader.
       Position  the  tape  so that leader(octal 200) is over the
       read station.

    e. For the DC72 put 7756 in the SWITCH  REGISTER  then  press
       the  ADDR LOAD switch;  press the CLEAR switch;  press the
       CONT switch.
       For the DC71 put 117756 in the SWITCH REGISTER then  press
       the LOAD ADD switch;  press the START switch.

    f. After the BINARY LOADER has been read stop the  DC72(DC71)
       by momentarily pressing the HALT(STOP) switch.

    g. Place the binary paper tape for the station  in  the  high
       speed  reader.  Position the tape so the leader(octal 200)
       is over the read station.

    h. For the DC72 put 7777 in  the  SWITCH  REGISTER  and  then
       press  the  ADDR  LOAD  switch;   put  0000  in the SWITCH
       REGISTER;  press the CLEAR switch;  press the CONT switch.
DC72 COOKBOOK                                                  Page 17
4.0 System Operation - Loading


       For the DC71 put 117777 in the SWITCH  REGISTER  and  then
       press  the  LOAD  ADD  switch;   put  000000 in the SWITCH
       REGISTER;  press the START switch.

    i. For a DC72 set the register select switch to AC.
       When the BINARY LOADER has finished reading the paper tape
       check  to be sure the contents of the AC are zero.  If the
       AC is nonzero a checksum error has occurred, obtain a  new
       tape and begin again.

    j. For the DC72 put 0000 in  the  SWITCH  REGISTER  and  then
       depress  the  EXTD  ADDR  LOAD;   put  0200  in the SWITCH
       REGISTER and  then  press  ADDR  LOAD;   press  the  CLEAR
       switch;  press the CONT switch.
       For the DC71 put 000200 in the SWITCH  REGISTER  and  then
       press the LOAD ADD switch;  press the START switch.
       The station should now begin SYSCHK.



4.1.5  Loading the DC72NP(DC71NP) from the synchronous line

The new protocol software has provision for loading the remote station
from  the  synchronous  line.   This is accomplished using a bootstrap
program in the PDP-8 and the NETLDR program in the DECsystem-10.   The
bootstrap  program must be loaded into the PDP-8 by one of the methods
described above (namely punched card or paper tape).   For  directions
on  assembling the bootstrap program, see section 3.3.2.  Once loaded,
the bootstrap program should be started at location 21 in field 1.  If
the bootstrap program was loaded by the method described in 4.1.1 (the
"initialize"  switch  on  the  DC72)  it  will  automatically   start.
Otherwise,  if it is a DC72, set switches to 0011 and press "EXT ADR",
then set switches to 0021 and press  "LOAD  ADDR",  then  "CLEAR"  and
finally  "CONT".  If the bootstrap is loaded into a DC71, set switches
to 110021, press "LOAD ADR" and "START".

Normally, this is all that is required to  load  the  remote  station,
because  the  bootstrap  program  will request a load from the 10, and
NETLDR will be automatically run to perform the load.



4.2  DC72(DC71) Operator Messages

There are three types of messages:  1.) those which may occur  on  any
tty;   2.) those which occur on the CTY after SYSCHK;  3.) those which
occur only during SYSCHK.
DC72 COOKBOOK                                                  Page 18
4.0 System Operation - Operator Messages


4.2.1  Messages Which Occur on Any tty

  "??NOT IN CONTACT"
       [DECSYNC only]
       The station will type  this  message  in  response  to  any
       typein,  unless  contact  with  the  DECsystem-10  has been
       established.

  "%%RESTARTING XXX DC72(DC71)"
       XXX is the station name  which  may  be  defined  when  the
       station software is assembled.  Types on all TTY's when the
       station is  restarted.   Can  occur  because  the  operator
       reloaded,   or  restarted,  or  because  contact  with  the
       DECsystem-10 has been lost for 4 minutes, or  communication
       between   the  station  and  the  DECsystem-10  is  out  of
       phase(e.g.  the DECsystem-10 is restarted).



4.2.2  Messages on the CTY After SYSCHK

  "%%CARRIER BACK"
       [DC72's only]
       The synchronous modem carrier has returned.

  "%%CARRIER LOST"
       [DC72's only]
       The synchronous modem carrier has just been lost.

  "%%DC72(DC71) URD"
       THE DC72(DC71)  has  received  unrequested  data  from  the
       DECsystem-10.

  "??DC72(DC71) WAITING 4 MIN"
       [DECSYNC only]
       The station and the DECsystem-10  are  out  of  phase,  and
       cannot  get  back into phase.  The station will go to sleep
       for four minutes, and then try again.   This  usually  will
       correct the problem.

  "??DC72(DC71) CRASH PC=####"
       The software has detected a consistency error in itself and
       will  dump  core  on the LPT.  Collect the dump and contact
       your software representative.

  "%%DC72(DC71) HAS MADE CONTACT"
       Communication has begun with the DECsystem-10.

  "??DC72(DC71) INT ERR"
       Some unknown device is  holding  down  the  interrupt  bus.
       This may happen if the DC72(DC71) program was not assembled
       for the correct configuration.  This  usually  indicates  a
       hardware problem in the PDP-8/.
DC72 COOKBOOK                                                  Page 19
4.0 System Operation - Operator Messages


  "%%DP01 END FLAG"
       [DC71's only]
       The "RECEIVE END FLAG" is set when the DP01  receive  logic
       stops,  or starts, receiving the SERIAL CLOCK RECEIVE pulse
       train from the  modem.   This  usually  indicates  a  modem
       problem.

  "%%DP8E BUS ERR"
       [DC72's only]
       A receive or transmit  bus  request  was  not  serviced  in
       1/BAUD  time.  This usually indicates either the receive or
       transmit clock from the modem is bad.

  "??RACK OUT OF RANGE"
       [DECSYNC only]
       The station and the DECsystem-10 are out of phase.  This is
       usually caused by restarting either the DECsystem-10 or the
       station.  The station will restart itself to try to correct
       the problem.

  "%%WRONG DC72(DC71) CONFIG"
       The DECsystem-10 has attempted to talk to  a  device  which
       the   station   doesn't   have.    Contact   your  software
       representative.



4.2.3  Messages on the CTY During SYSCHK

  "%%DC02F IS NOT PRESENT"
       [DC71's only]
       When SYSCHK tried to get the transmit flags for  the  DC02F
       lines,  the DC02F didn't clear the group select.  All DC02F
       TTY lines  will  be  disabled.   If  the  DC02F  is  really
       installed contact field service.

  "??DC72(DC71) CODE WON'T RUN ON A PDP-8/I(PDP-8/e)"
       The wrong assembly option has been specified when  building
       the station code.  Contact your software representative.

  "%%DP01 DATASET NOT READY"
       [DC71's only]
       When SYSCHK attempted to initialize the DP01  the  skip  on
       dataset  ready  instruction failed.  This usually indicates
       the modem is not connected or not ready.

  "??DP8E CHAR DETECT SKIP FAILED"
       [DC72's only]
       SYSCHK received a special character(SYNC) from the DP8E but
       the  special  character flag did not come up.  This usually
       indicates a hardware problem in the DP8E.
DC72 COOKBOOK                                                  Page 20
4.0 System Operation - Operator Messages


  "??DP8E FIELD SELECT FAILED"
       [DC72's only]
       The first thing SYSCHK does with the DP8E is  to  load  the
       field select registers with a Load Field instruction.  Then
       SYSCHK does Read Status instructions  to  verify  the  Load
       Field  instruction  worked.   If  the DP8E is not installed
       this error will be detected.  If the DP8E is installed this
       indicates a hardware problem.

  "??DP8E(DP01) FLAG WON'T CLEAR"
       While initializing the DP8E(DP01) SYSCHK  detected  a  flag
       and  attempted  to  clear  it  by  issuing  the appropriate
       instruction.  After issuing the instruction  the  flag  was
       still set.

  "%%DP8E(DP01) GT 9600 BAUD"
       SYSCHK counted the number  of  characters  the  synchronous
       link  could  transmit  in  half a second and determined the
       link was faster than 9600 baud.  Throughput may be degraded
       with synchronous links faster than 9600 baud.

  "%%DP8E NO CARRIER"
       [DC72's only]
       When SYSCHK attempted  to  initialize  the  DP8E  the  read
       status 2 instruction indicated Carrier/AGC was not present.
       Check the other modem is ready and sending.  Check the link
       between the two modems.

  "%%DP8E NOT CLEAR TO SEND
       [DC72's only]
       SYSCHK initialized the DP8E and then checked for  Clear  To
       Send  with a Read Status 2 instruction.  Check the modem is
       powered on and ready.

  "%%DP8E MODEM NOT READY"
       [DC72's only]
       When SYSCHK attempted  to  initialize  the  DP8E  the  Read
       Status  1  instruction  indicated  the modem was not ready.
       Check to be sure the modem is connected and powered on.

  "%%DP8E(DP01) NOT RECEIVING"
       After determining that the synchronous line  interface  and
       modem    appear   ready   SYSCHK   waits   to   hear   SYNC
       characters(226) from the  synchronous  line.   SYSCHK  will
       loop until it does receive some characters.

  "??DP8E READ CHAR DETECTED n RIGHT m"
       [DC72's only]
       When SYSCHK received a special character(SYNC) it performed
       the  READ  CHAR  DETECTED  instruction,  which returned the
       unexpected value n.  This indicates a  fault  in  the  DP8E
       hardware.
DC72 COOKBOOK                                                  Page 21
4.0 System Operation - Operator Messages


  "%%DP8E(DP01) RECEIVED #"
       SYSCHK received data other than SYNC from  the  synchronous
       line.  SYSCHK will loop until it receives SYNC.

  "%%DP8E TERM NOT READY
       [DC72's only]
       SYSCHK  set  Terminal  Ready  with  a  DP8E  Load   Control
       instruction.    Then  SYSCHK  did  a  DP8E  Read  Status  2
       instruction and discovered  Terminal  Ready  was  not  set.
       This will usually indicate a fault in the DP8E hardware.

  "??DP8E WC OR CA INCORRECT"
       [DC72's only]
       After sending or receiving data via the  DP8E,  SYSCHK  did
       not  find  the  expected  values in the datbreak registers.
       This indicates a hardware problem in the DP8E.

  "%%DP8E(DP01) XMT NOT READY
       SYSCHK initialized the DP8E(DP01)  and  attempted  to  send
       several synchs.  This operation failed to complete quickly.
       This may indicate clock is  not  being  received  from  the
       modem.

  "??DP8E(DP01) IS IN LOOPBACK MODE"
       SYSCHK transmitted an unusual pattern and received the same
       pattern  back.   One of the modems is probably in loopback;
       correct and then reload or restart the program at pc 200.

  "[INITIALIZING DECSYNC(DDCMP) DC72(DC71) v#]"
       # is the edit number of the DC72(DC71) code.  This  message
       indicates that the SYSCHK portion of the program has begun.

  "??KW8(DK8) ERROR"
       SYSCHK measured the  speed  of  the  line  frequency  clock
       against an instruction loop and found it either too fast or
       too slow.  This message may indicate the KW8(DK8) clock  is
       not   installed  or  not  functioning  correctly.   If  the
       KW8(DK8)  is  installed  and  working  this  message  might
       indicate the processor speed is incorrect.  This is a fatal
       error.

  "??LPT FLAG WON'T CLEAR"
       SYSCHK tried to clear the line  printer  flag  and  failed.
       This  usually  indicates  a  hardware  problem  in the line
       printer interface.

  "%%NO RESPONSE TO REP"
       [DECSYNC only]
       SYSCHK sent a REP message to the DECsystem-10 and failed to
       receive  a  RACK  message as a response.  This may indicate
       the REP message  was  not  received  by  the  DECsystem-10;
       check  to  be sure the synchronous link from the DC72(DC71)
       to the DECsystem-10 is ok.
DC72 COOKBOOK                                                  Page 22
4.0 System Operation - Operator Messages


  "%%TTY# IS IN LOOPBACK MODE"
       When SYSCHK sent a character out on  a  TTY  line  it  came
       back.  This is usually caused by the hardware being set for
       loopback test(it is tested this way at the factory, and may
       arrive  in  this  condition).   Operating in this condition
       would adversly affect the station,  so  the  line  will  be
       disabled  by  the  software, until the station is reloaded.
       Field service should be contacted.

  "%%TTY# IS RUNNING OPEN"
       The tty interface  is  receiving  a  continuous  stream  of
       nulls.   This  condition is not fatal but tends to overload
       the station if running faster than 110baud.   Current  loop
       ports may behave this way when the terminal is powered off,
       or not installed.

  "%%TTY# NO XMT FLAG"
       SYSCHK sent a character to a TTY line, and no transmit done
       flag  was  ever raised.  This can happen if the port is not
       really installed.  If the port is installed  contact  field
       service.

  "??TTY# XMT FLAG WON'T CLEAR"
       SYSCHK couldn't clear the transmit done  flag;   or  SYSCHK
       sent a character to the TTY line and the transmit done flag
       came up immediately.  This is a fatal error;  contact field
       service.

  ??TTY# RCV FLAG WON'T CLEAR"
       SYSCHK observed the keyboard flag for the line was  up  and
       did a KRB to read the char and clear the flag.  Immediately
       after doing the KRB SYSCHK observed the flag was still  up.
       This is a fatal hardware problem.



4.3  Dumping the DC72(DC71)

The DC72(DC71)) program includes a routine which will produce an octal
dump on the Line Printer.  If the program is not assembled to handle a
line printer the dump will be produced on the CTY.  After the  program
has  been  loaded  the  following  procedure  may  be  used  to dump a
DC72(DC71):

      a.) Be sure the computer consol lock is in the Power  position,
       and be sure PANEL LOCK is not set.

      b.) Stop the computer by momentarily  pressing  the  HALT(STOP)
       switch.

      c.) Ready the printer.
DC72 COOKBOOK                                                  Page 23
4.0 System Operation


      d.) For the DC72 put 0201 in the switch register;   press  ADDR
       LOAD;  press EXTD ADDR LOAD.
       For the DC71 put 000201 in the switch  register;   press  LOAD
       ADD.

      e.) For the DC72 press CLEAR and then press CONT.
       For the DC71 press the START switch.



4.4  Operator Service Programs

The operator at station # will usually "LOGIN" under [100+#,2] and run
OPSER,  LPTSPL,  and  CDRSTK  or SPRINT-10.  Detailed documentation on
these programs is provided in the DECsystem-10 software notebooks.   A
typical command string would be:

           .LOGIN 102,2
           Password:
           .R OPSER
           *:SLOG 102,2
           *:DEFINE L=
           *L-R LPTSPL
           *L-START
           *:SLOG
           *:DEFINE C=
           *C-R CDRSTK
           *C-START



4.4.1  OPSER

OPSER is the operator service program which permits a  single  tty  to
control multiple jobs.



4.4.2  INITIA

INITIA is the initilaization CUSP.  The program may be  run  from  any
tty  by  typing  the  monitor command INITIA.  When INITIA is run on a
station CTY it will log a job in under [100+#,2] and run OPSER.   When
OPSER  is  invoked  in  this  manner  it  will  process  the auto file
SYS:OPR#.ATO.



4.4.3  LPTSPL

LPTSPL is the Line Printer Spooler.  Operating instructions for LPTSPL
may be found in the DECsystem-10 Operators Guide.
DC72 COOKBOOK                                                  Page 24
4.0 System Operation


4.4.4  CDRSTK

CDRSTK is Card Reader Stacker.  Operating instructions for CDRSTK  may
be found in the DECsystem-10 Operators Guide.



4.4.5  SPRINT-10

SPRINT-10 is the new card reader stacker.



4.4.6  NETLDR

NETLDR is the program on the DECsystem-10 which loads  network  nodes.
It needs to know four pieces of information before it can load a node:
      1)  the file containing the binary form of the software that is
          to run in the node.
      2)  whether the node is a PDP-8 or a PDP-11
      3)  the identification of a node that is adjacent to the
          node to be loaded (i.e. has a synchronous line to the
          node to be loaded) and is also up.
      4)  which synchronous line (on the node
          that is adjacent and up) is connected to the node to be
          loaded.

for example,



4.5 Loading DC75.

The DC75 is normally loaded with BOOT11 which is described in the
specification section of the notebooks.
A typical command sequence to load the DC75 will be:

          .R BOOT11
          */CLEAR/PORT:0
          *SYS:DC75.BIN/PORT:0
DC72 COOKBOOK                                                  Page 25
5.0 Trouble Shooting


5.0  Trouble Shooting



5.1  EXAMINING PDP-8/ MEMORY

The station program continually reads the 12 console switches as an
address, and places the contents of this address in the AC.
To change the field data is displayed from set the switches to 7770 +
the field desired.



5.2  PROGRAM LOCATIONS



5.2.1  F10CNT

This location is a 24bit count of total messages received by the
station.
Note that the number of messages sent by the station will be
approximately the same.



5.2.2  T1BCNT

This location is a count of messages NAKed by the DECsystem-10.
When this is compared to the total messages sent a measure of line
qualtity to the DECsystem-10 is obtained.



5.2.3  F1BCNT

This location is a count of the number of messages received by the
station.
When this is compared to the total messages received a measure of line
quality to the station is obtained.



5.2.4  CONTCK

This location is ticked 60(50) times a second.
The transition of location to 0 signals lost contact.



5.2.5  FRECNT
DC72 COOKBOOK                                                  Page 26
5.0 Trouble Shooting


This location contains the number of free chunks.
If chunks are lost response will become poor and eventually the
station may crash.
DC72 COOKBOOK                                                  Page 27
6.0 Program Flow


6.0  Program Flow



6.1  INITIALIZATION

Whenever the station software is restarted certain tasks must be done.
The first time the station is initialized (after being reloaded)
SYSCHK will be performed.
The synchronous line flags must be reset.
The free core must be reestablished.
All device blocks are reset.



6.2  SYSCHK

After the station software is loaded its first task is to quickly
check its environment.
This test is called "SYSCHK".
SYSCHK is not exhaustive, but will catch many of the commonest
problems that plague DC71 and DC72 stations.
After SYSCHK has been executed it will be overlayed with data, and
hence cannot be reexecuted.
The station may be restarted however because the call to SYSCHK is
patched out after it has been executed.

In addition SYSCHK initializes some code and tables.
SYSCHK builds the special char table.
SYSCHK changes the trace and display code according to how much core
is present.
SYSCHK adjusts the line printer time constants according to whether a
LS8 or LP08 printer is present.
If the memory parity option is not present on a DC71 SYSCHK adjusts
the memory parity checking routine.

The first test SYSCHK makes is a simple instruction test.
SYSCHK makes sure the clock is reasonably close to either 50 or 60
cycle.



6.3  NON-INTERRUPT LEVEL

Non-interrupt level code begins at location "LOOP".
LOOP scans for work left by interrupt level.
If any work is found it is performed and LOOP is restarted.
If no work is found control will fall through to the display routine.

The display routine takes the contents of the console switches as an
address, and places the contents of that memory location in the AC.
If the console switches are set to 7770+n, the display routine will
take n as the memory field to display, provided n is an existing
memory field.
DC72 COOKBOOK                                                  Page 28
6.0 Program Flow


Memory field selection for the display may be checked by observing the
data field selected.



6.4  TTY HANDLING



6.5  PROTOCOL HANDLING



6.6  FREE CORE

Free core is maintained as "CHUNKS".
These chunks exist in only one 4k memory bank.

The size of the chunks is a conditional assembly parameter(only the
default is guaranteed to work).
Chunk sizes must be a power of 2(e.g. 4, 10, 20, 40, etc.).
All chunks begin on a multiple of the chunk size

The first word of all chunks is a link to any additional chunks in the
string.
The usual convention is that the sign bit is off in all except the
last data word in the chunk.
In general the low order 8bits of a chunk are the actual data, and the
other bits(except the sign bit) are special flags or unused.

The location FRECNT is the number of free chunks left.
The location FIRFRE is the first chunk in the string of free chunks.
DC72 COOKBOOK                                                  Page 29
7.0 TRACE


7.0  Trace



In order to aid debugging crashes a trace of recent activity is
maintained.
If there is an extra 4k bank available the complete 4k will be used.
If an extra 4k bank is not present the last 128 words in the data
field will be used for a trace.
The location BUGGER is used to place entrys into the trace.

Approxiamately once a second (every 64th tick for 8I's, every 128th
tick for 8e's) an entry of 7777 is made in the trace.

Every non-synch character received by the DP01 is placed in the trace,
with the sign bit set.
Currently DP8E input is not placed in the trace.

Every non-idle character sent by the DP01 is placed in the trace.
Currently DP8E output is not placed in the trace.
DC72 COOKBOOK                                                  Page 30
8.0 READING DUMPS


8.0  Reading Dumps



DC72(DC71) crashes should be a rare occurance.
A history of all station malfunctions should be kept.
Each station crash should be logged in the history along with the
crash PC and any other pertinant information.

When the DC72(DC71) program detects an error condition it will execute
a HLT macro which is a JMS DMPTRP.
This will save the PC where the error was detected in location DMPTRP.
The routine after DMPTRP will save the contents of the AC and LINK for
analysis, and then produce an octal dump on the line printer.

When reading an octal dump first check DMPTRP for the offending PC and
refer to that location for comments in the program listing.
DC72 COOKBOOK                                                  Page 31
9.0 REFERENCES


9.0  REFERENCES



DECsystem-10 Communications Systems Option Bulletin.



DECsystem-10 DC72 Remote Stations Option Bulletin



DECsystem-10 Software Notebooks:

       Operating System Commands
       Monitor Calls Manual
       System Reference Manual
       Remote Batch Manual
       BOOT11 (IN SPECIFICATIONS)
       DECsystem-10 Operators Guide
       MPBOPR
       REMHLP(caution - some information is obsolete)



Small Computer Handbook
PDP-8/ instruction set and information about programming PDP-8/
peripheral devices.



Introduction to Programming
Basic PDP-8/ family programming; documents the Binary Loader.
DC72 COOKBOOK                                                  Page 32
10.0 Terminology and Abbreviations


10.0  TERMINOLOGY AND ABBREVIATIONS




10.1  TERMINOLOGY

DDCMP
DEC Data Communications Message Protocol, the new synchronous line
protocol.

DECSYNC
The currently distributed synchronous protocol.

station
Either a DC72 or a DC71.

SYSCHK
A portion of the station code which executes when the program is first
loaded; this code is overwritten when the station is in contact with
the DECsystem-10.

tty






10.2  ABBREVIATIONS

CTY
The consol TTY on the station.

VFU
Vertical format unit on a line printer.
On local printers(e.g. LP10C) this is an 8 channel tape.
The standard punches for this tape can be found in the DECsystem-10
System Reference Manual.
DC72 COOKBOOK                                                  Page 33



     8CARDS  . . . . . . . . . . . .  11

     Assembling Station Software . .  7

     BINARY LOADER . . . . . . . . .  11
     BOOT11  . . . . . . . . . . . .  24

     CDRSTK  . . . . . . . . . . . .  24
     Chunks  . . . . . . . . . . . .  28
     Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . .  27
     Configuration File  . . . . . .  7, 9

     D.PAL . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
     DC72NP  . . . . . . . . . . . .  5, 7, 9, 11-12
     DC75  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  24
     DC75NP  . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
     DDCMP . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
     DECNET-10 . . . . . . . . . . .  5
     DECSYNC . . . . . . . . . . . .  5, 7
     Device Control  . . . . . . . .  5
     Display . . . . . . . . . . . .  27
     DN85  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
     Down-line load  . . . . . . . .  11-12
     Dump  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9, 22, 30
     DUMP.PAL  . . . . . . . . . . .  9

     ECO . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
     Examining 8 memory  . . . . . .  25

     INITIA  . . . . . . . . . . . .  23

     Line printer carriage control .  6
     LPTSPL  . . . . . . . . . . . .  23

     Memory parity . . . . . . . . .  27

     NCS . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
     Node Name . . . . . . . . . . .  8
     Node Number . . . . . . . . . .  8

     OPSER . . . . . . . . . . . . .  23

     PAL10 . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
     PAPER TAPE  . . . . . . . . . .  11
     Program Flow  . . . . . . . . .  27
     Punching a Binary Deck  . . . .  11

     Reading Dumps . . . . . . . . .  30
     References  . . . . . . . . . .  31

     SPRINT-10 . . . . . . . . . . .  24
     SYSCHK  . . . . . . . . . . . .  27

     Terminology . . . . . . . . . .  32
DC72 COOKBOOK                                                  Page 34



     Trace . . . . . . . . . . . . .  29